Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a novel series of condensed thienopyrimidines

Alkylation of 2-thioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3)-one (2) gave the -alkylating products 3-5.Reaction of 3-carboxamide 1 with terphthaloyl, isophthaloylchloride and benzoin afforded bisthienopyrimidines 6, 7 and pyrrolopyrimidineone 9, respectively. Condensation of 1 with aromatic aldehydes afforded compounds 11ac. Alkylation of compounds 11a–c with allyl bromide resulted in -alkyl thienopyrimidine derivatives 12a–c.Alkylation of 11a,b with 4-bromobutyl acetate gavebutylacetate derivatives 13a,b. which were deacetylatedto provide 14a,b. All the newly synthesized compoundswere characterized by the IR, 1H, 13C NMR and elementalanalyses. Selected members of these compounds werescreened for antimicrobial activity

Investigation of Hybrid Foundation System for Offshore Wind Turbine

Green energy resources are essential to meet the growing energy demands in the near future while reducing the effects of global warming. Offshore wind energy is one of the main efficient renewable energy sources which drive the ever increasing expansion of offshore wind farms globally. Wind energy technologies are improving making energy production more affordable, which helped Denmark, for example, to produce about 25% of its energy. One of the main challenges for offshore wind projects is the cost of foundation construction, which represents about 40% of the total cost. The investigated hybrid foundation system has the potential to reduce the foundation cost, while meeting the demands for performance and capacity for large wind turbines. The hybrid foundation system comprises a steel pile attached to a concrete plate to increase its lateral and rotational stiffness and capacity. The main objective of this thesis is to examine the performance of the proposed hybrid system subjected to the environmental loads expected to act on the 5 MW National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) wind turbine. To achieve this objective, both physical and numerical investigations were conducted to address several aspects of the problem. First, wind tunnel tests were performed on a scaled model (with 1:150 ratio) of the 5 MW NREL wind turbine at the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory in Western University. Force balance technique was applied to determine the different base load components under the ultimate wind loading considering different configurations and angles of attack. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted employing three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models considering different foundations systems installed in sand and subjected to the measured wind loads, along with applicable wave loads for 20m deep water. The foundation systems included: monopile with diameter of 4 and 6 m and a hybrid system with pile diameter of 4 m attached to a concrete plate with and without ribs and plate diameter was 12 m or 16 m. For all considered foundation systems, the pile embedded depth varied from 8 to 36 m long. Different load combinations were examined for ultimate and serviceability static load cases. The axial and lateral stiffness and capacity of the different foundation systems were evaluated and compared to lineate the advantageous effect of adding the plate to the monopile. The results demonstrated the superior performance and the higher capacity of the hybrid system and the potential cost savings associated with reducing the required pile diameter to support the 5MW NREL wind turbine. In addition, some guidelines are offered to evaluate the capacity of the hybrid system. Finally, laboratory tests were conducted on scaled down foundation models under 1 g. The tests were conducted to evaluate the long term performance of the hybrid system under monotonic and cyclic wind loading conditions. Both the lateral and rotational responses of the foundation systems were evaluated under monotonic loading and after 10,000 cycles of loading. The test were able to detect the effect of adding the plate in the hybrid system to study its effect and its increasing in the rocking and lateral capacity. The results from the model tests confirmed the superior performance of the hybrid foundation system in terms of increased lateral and rotational stiffnesses, which is important for performance of supported wind turbines, as well as lateral capacity, which increases the factor of safety against excessive lateral displacement. Furthermore, the results obtained from the tests were employed to develop equations to predict the stiffness of the proposed hybrid foundation system

Characterization of Surface Water Quality along Ismailia Canal, Nile River, Egypt

Ismailia Canal, one of the main branches of the Nile River in Egypt, is considered as one of the most important irrigation and drinking water source for Ismailia, Port Said and Suez governorates. The canal received industrial, municipal and agricultural wastewater which caused deterioration in its water quality. To determine the spatial variability of Ismailia canal water quality and identify the sources of pollution that presently affect the canal water quality, the scope of study was divided into three main parts. In the first part, the assessment of water quality data was monitored at thirty different sampling station along the canal, over the period of two years (2017, 2018), using 30 physicochemical and biological water quality variables and using multivariate statistics of principal components analysis (PCA) to interpret before the step of analyzing the concealed variables that determined the variance of observed water quality of various source points was conducted. In the second part, the major dominant factors responsible for canal water quality variations was driven. In the third part, K-means algorithm was used for cluster characterization analysis.The result of PCA shows that 8 principal components contained the key variables and accounted for 87.34% of total variance of the canal water quality and the dominant water quality parameters were: Lead (Pb), Total Phosphorus (TP), Ammonia (NH3), Turbidity, Fecal Coliform (FC), Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (AL). However, the results from K-Means Algorithm for clustering analysis were based on the dominant parameters concentrations, determined 5 cluster groups and produced cluster centers (prototypes). Referring to the clustering classification, a noted water quality was deteriorating as the cluster number increased from 1 to 5, thus the cluster grouping could be used to identify the physical, chemical and biological processes creating the variations in the canal water quality parameters.This study provides an insight into the various statistical models, when water quality monitoring data are combined with spatial data for characterizing spatial and temporal trends, indicating their important potential for decreasing the costs associated with monitoring. This can also be very useful to international water resource authorities for the control and management of pollution and better protection of surface water quality

Bayesian optimisation of wall blowing for drag reduction of a spatially evolving turbulent boundary layer

It is estimated that 50% of the fuel burnt by a commercial airliner is associated with the skin-friction drag of the turbulent boundary layers on the airliner surfaces. Wall-blowing applied in a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer (TBL) through a permeable surface is a simple active flow control strategy that can result in a considerable skin-friction drag reduction (DR). However, little is known about its full potential of achieving energy savings, which is reduction of the sum of the energies needed to move the main flow and to operate the control strategy. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to improve the efficiency of a wall-blowing strategy and hence achieve energy savings by reducing the skin-friction drag in a TBL. In this work, high-order numerical methods are used to conduct direct numerical simulations (DNS) and large eddy simulations (LES) of TBL reaching up to Re = 4300 (the Reynolds number is based on the momentum thickness and free stream velocity), and controlled by wall-blowing. Different LES approaches are examined with different mesh resolutions for turbulent channel flows and TBL. It is found that an implicit LES approach based on the numerical dissipation associated with the discretisation of the diffusion terms achieves a good compromise between cost and accuracy. The simulations are coupled with a Bayesian optimisation framework to maximise the energy savings by optimising the amplitude and the streamwise coverage of the wall-blowing strategy. The control performance is assessed by using experimental measurements of two different types of blowing devices for the estimation of the energy savings. For a moving vehicle, it is assumed that the blowing air can be provided from other systems, avoiding the additional drag associated with drawing the ambient air. It is shown that wall-blowing with blowing amplitude less than 1% of the free stream velocity can achieve a significant DR of 95% and energy savings of 7% due to the long-lasting DR downstream of the control region.Open Acces

Infinite point and Riemann–Stieltjes integral conditions for an integro-differential equation

In this paper, we study the existence of solutions for two nonlocal problems of integro-differential equation with nonlocal infinite-point and Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary conditions. The continuous dependence of the solution will be studied. &nbsp

Mathematical modeling for partial object detection.

From a computer vision point of view, the image is a scene consisting of objects of interest and a background represented by everything else in the image. The relations and interactions among these objects are the key factors for scene understanding. In this dissertation, a mathematical model is designed for the detection of partially occluded faces captured in unconstrained real life conditions. The proposed model novelty comes from explicitly considering certain objects that are common to occlude faces and embedding them in the face model. This enables the detection of faces in difficult settings and provides more information to subsequent analysis in addition to the bounding box of the face. In the proposed Selective Part Models (SPM), the face is modelled as a collection of parts that can be selected from the visible regular facial parts and some of the occluding objects which commonly interact with faces such as sunglasses, caps, hands, shoulders, and other faces. With the face detection being the first step in the face recognition pipeline, the proposed model does not only detect partially occluded faces efficiently but it also suggests the occluded parts to be excluded from the subsequent recognition step. The model was tested on several recent face detection databases and benchmarks and achieved state of the art performance. In addition, detailed analysis for the performance with respect to different types of occlusion were provided. Moreover, a new database was collected for evaluating face detectors focusing on the partial occlusion problem. This dissertation highlights the importance of explicitly handling the partial occlusion problem in face detection and shows its efficiency in enhancing both the face detection performance and the subsequent recognition performance of partially occluded faces. The broader impact of the proposed detector exceeds the common security applications by using it for human robot interaction. The humanoid robot Nao is used to help in teaching children with autism and the proposed detector is used to achieve natural interaction between the robot and the children by detecting their faces which can be used for recognition or more interestingly for adaptive interaction by analyzing their expressions

A Meeting Infastructure to Support E-Commerce

This paper presents a research project that deals with designing a meeting infrastructure, as a software platform to support e-commerce’s transactions. Instead of interacting remotely and hence, relying on the network’s state, the providers and consumers that are involved in such transactions interact locally and in a safe environment. The meeting infrastructure is flexible. It could be structured in different ways, by supporting for example alliances and groups to be set up