In silico identification of the sea squirt selenoproteome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Computational methods for identifying selenoproteins have been developed rapidly in recent years. However, it is still difficult to identify the open reading frame (ORF) of eukaryotic selenoprotein gene, because the TGA codon for a selenocysteine (Sec) residue in the active centre of selenoprotein is traditionally a terminal signal of protein translation. Although the identification of selenoproteins from genomes through bioinformatics methods has been conducted in bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, insects and several vertebrates, only a few results have been reported on the ancient chordate selenoproteins.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A gene assembly algorithm SelGenAmic has been constructed and presented in this study for identifying selenoprotein genes from eukaryotic genomes. A method based on this algorithm was developed to build an optimal TGA-containing-ORF for each TGA in a genome, followed by protein similarity analysis through conserved sequence alignments to screen out selenoprotein genes form these ORFs. This method improved the sensitivity of detecting selenoproteins from a genome due to the design that all TGAs in the genome were investigated for its possibility of decoding as a Sec residue. Using this method, eighteen selenoprotein genes were identified from the genome of <it>Ciona intestinalis</it>, leading to its member of selenoproteome up to 19. Among them a selenoprotein W gene was found to have two SECIS elements in the 3'-untranslated region. Additionally, the disulfide bond formation protein A (DsbA) was firstly identified as a selenoprotein in the ancient chordates of <it>Ciona intestinalis, Ciona savignyi </it>and <it>Branchiostoma floridae</it>, while selenoprotein DsbAs had only been found in bacteria and green algae before.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The method based on SelGenAmic algorithm is capable of identifying eukaryotic selenoprotein genes from their genomes. Application of this method to <it>Ciona intestinalis </it>proves its successes in finding Sec-decoding TGA from large-scale eukaryotic genome sequences, which fills the gap in our knowledge on the ancient chordate selenoproteins.</p

Validation and Application of SMAP SSS Observation in Chinese Coastal Seas

Using sea surface salinity (SSS) from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission from September 2015 to August 2016, the spatial distribution and seasonal variation in SSS in the Chinese coastal seas were investigated. First, in situ salinity observation over Chinese East Sea was used to validate SMAP observation. Then, the SSS signature of the Yangtze River fresh water was analyzed using SMAP data and the river discharge data. The SSS around the Yangtze River estuary in the Chinese East Sea, the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea is significantly lower than that of the open ocean. The SSS of Chinese coastal seas shows significant seasonal variation, and the seasonal variation in the adjacent waters of the Yangtze River estuary is the most obvious, followed by that of the Pearl River estuary. The minimum value of SSS appears in summer while maximum in winter. The root-mean-squared difference of daily SSS between SMAP observation and in situ observation is around 3 psu in both summer and winter, which is much lower than the annual range of SSS variation. The path of fresh water from SMAP and in situ observation is consistent during summer time

Tetra­kis[μ-2-(3,4-dimeth­oxy­phen­yl)acetato]-κ4 O:O′;κ3 O,O′:O;κ3 O:O,O′-bis­{[2-(3,4-dimeth­oxy­phen­yl)acetato-κ2 O,O′](1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)samarium(III)}

In the centrosymmetric dinuclear title complex, [Sm2(C10H11O4)6(C12H8N2)2], the SmIII ion is nine-coordinated by seven O atoms of five 2-(3,4-dimeth­oxy­phen­yl)acetate (DMPA) ligands and two N atoms of one bis-chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand, forming a distorted tricapped trigonal-prismatic environment. The DMPA ligands coordinate in bis-chelate, bridging and bridging tridentate modes. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are also present in the crystal

2015美国内分泌学会关于肥胖的药物治疗指南解读

With the improvement of living standards, the incidence of obesity in China is increasing year by year. A series of diseases caused by obesity, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and other diseases, is gradually increasing, which poses serious harm to people's health. Meanwhile, the treatment of obesity has attracted much attention. Diet, exercise and behavior intervention are the main methods of controlling obesity. However, by the influence of various factors, some patients have difficulties to achieve the purpose of reducing weight through the methods mentioned above. The American endocrine society proposes drug treatment of obesity and makes a certain requirement for the standard treatment. It provides a thought for the treatment of obesity due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.随着生活水平的提高，肥胖症在中国的发病率逐年升高。由肥胖引发的一系列疾病，如高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝病等疾病的发病率也在逐渐增加，严重危害人们的身体健康，因此对于肥胖的治疗备受关注。饮食、运动及行为干预治疗是主要的控制肥胖的方法。但受各种因素的影响，有些患者很难通过饮食、运动及行为干预治疗达到减轻体重的目的，对于此类患者，可以适当的进行药物治疗。2015年美国内分泌学会针对肥胖患者的药物治疗提出了新的建议，对规范化治疗肥胖作出了一定要求。对肥胖相关的非酒精性脂肪肝病的治疗提供了新思路

Tie-dye technique and pattern features

Relationship between tie-dye technique and image pattern has been studied. Based on digital image processing, average value of HSV (hue, saturation, value) tri-component of valid tie-dye area, proportion of incompletely dyed area in HSV color space and the Tamura first three texture features of digital tie-dye image have been extracted. Then, the repeated tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) of rotation speed and concentration have been done. The results show the obvious impact of concentration and rotation speed on the color and texture feature of tie-dye pattern. Furthermore, back propagation neutral network is developed and partial pattern features with low correlation is used to forecast the tie-dye concentration and rotation speed. The experiment results show the 100% rate of forecast, which proves that pattern features can effectively achieve the technique forecast