493 research outputs found

    Identifiabilité structurelle et identification de systÚmes couplés par les sorties

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    International audienceCet article s'intĂ©ressĂš a l'identification des syst emes de grande taille qui peuvent etre dĂ©composĂ©s en une collection de sous-syst emes couplĂ©s par les sorties. Il est d'abord montrĂ© que si le syst eme global est structurellement identifiable, alors tous les sous-syst emes le sont egalement, en considĂ©rant les sorties comme de nouvelles entrĂ©es. Cette propriĂ©tĂ© est ensuite utilisĂ©e pour proposer une procĂ©dure d'identification dĂ©centralisĂ©e. L'efficacitĂ© de l'approche pro-posĂ©e est illustrĂ©e sur un exemple acadĂ©mique. Mots-clĂ©s— IdentifiabilitĂ© structurelle, Identification dĂ©cen-tralisĂ©e, Syst emes de grande taille. I. Introduction Les syst emes technologiques de grande taille tels que les syst emes de transport, les syst emes electriques, les syst emes de bĂątiments. . .sont omniprĂ©sents dans notre vie moderne. La grande taille de ces syst emes a conduit au dĂ©veloppement de diverses techniques pour rĂ©duire la complexitĂ© de leur etude. Une approche possible est de considĂ©rer le grand syst eme comme une collection de nom-breux sous-syst emes plus simples. L'identification [1] est un point crucial pour l'ÂŽ elaboration d'une stratĂ©gie de contrĂŽle basĂ©e sur un mod ele. D'un point de vue pratique, leprobĂŹ eme de la taille des syst emes se posĂ© egalement pour l'identification paramĂ©trique. Pour simplifier l'identification des syst emes de grande taille, de nombreux auteurs ont essayĂ© d'exploiter leur structure. Dans [5], le syst eme global est hiĂ©rarchisĂ© et une mĂ©thode itĂ©rative est proposĂ©e pour l'identification. Dans [7], les auteurs s' intĂ©ressent aux syst emes circulants [3], et ils exploitent leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s pour dĂ©finir une procĂ©dure originale d'identification. Une autre technique exploite la propriĂ©tĂ© de dĂ©couplage en boucle fermĂ©e afin de dĂ©finir une collection d'observateurs dĂ©centralisĂ©s pour les syst emes non linĂ©aires interconnectĂ©s [12]. Dans cet article, nous supposons que le syst eme global est structurellement identifiable. L'identifiabilitĂ© structu-relle est une propriĂ©tĂ© importante quand il faut evaluer les param etres du syst eme, car elle garantit l'unicitĂ© des param etres [15]. Dans [13], l'auteur se concentre sur les syst emes compartimentaux pour etudier l'identifiabi-litĂ© structurelle du syst eme global, et dans [4], l'identi-fiabilitĂ© pratique peut etre vĂ©rifiĂ©e pour des conditions suffisantes sur les signaux d'interaction entre les sous-syst emes. Dans ce document, on consid ere un ensemble de syst emes linĂ©aires couplĂ©s par leurs sorties. Un exemple est reprĂ©sentĂ© sur la figure 1. De nombreux processus peuvent etre modĂ©lisĂ©s sous cette forme, c'est le cas par exemple des syst emes thermiques dans les bĂątiments [8]

    High order harmonic balance formulation of free and encapsulated microbubbles

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    The radial responses of free or encapsulated micro-bubbles excited by a plane wave of large wavelength are governed by NonLinear Ordinary Differential Equa- tions (NL-ODEs). The nonlinear frequency response details the harmonic con- tent of the time response and constitutes the expected outcome of a high order harmonic analysis. In this paper, a high order harmonic balance analysis of the ”RNNP” (bubble), Hoff and Marmottant (contrast agents) models are per- formed with the open-source Manla

    Tracking and fleet optimization of Reusable Transport Items in the shipping industry

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    Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78).This thesis explores the strategies, methodologies and tools for an optimal management of Reusable Transport Items, such as containers or chassis, in an extensive multi-depots network. We use an ocean shipping company operating globally to propose a broad, comprehensive and integrated system for an optimal management of the fleet, embracing technology, processes and monitoring system. The ability to track these assets is the first step to visibility and fleet optimization and we will question the opportunity for a company to invest in a real time tracking technology. In highly complex logistic networks, the challenge is to get the right equipment at the right place at the right time, in a cost efficient manner and with a fleet size as small as possible. Beyond increased visibility through tracking capabilities, we show that choosing an appropriate utilization metrics helps identify and quantify other areas of improvement. Using actual data, we evaluate to what extent the fleet size can be reduced by improving asset utilization and how leasing also impacts operating costs. We also show how the structural imbalance of trade (some regions being net exporters while others are net importers) impacts both global repositioning policy and local inventory policy, with depots of different profiles requiring different policies. Understanding this systematic and systemic approach of fleet management, we assess the contribution of tracking technology capabilities to these potential improvements.by Jean-Marie Lefebvre and Dameng Yue.M.Eng.in Logistic

    Les documents scientifiques informels: un patrimoine peu exploré, témoin de la construction des savoirs

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    L'objectif du projet ECRITO Ă©tait de contribuer Ă  prĂ©server et Ă  valoriser les documents scientifiques produits quotidiennement par les chercheurs de Midi-PyrĂ©nĂ©es, en amont des publications formelles : non seulement les articles, communications ou monographies, qui constituent la partie visible de la recherche, mais aussi tous les matĂ©riaux et informations accumulĂ©s par les chercheurs, et sur la base desquels se construit leur travail. Ces matĂ©riaux sont de types trĂšs divers : littĂ©rature " grise " (rapports, mĂ©moires, documentation techniques...), documents textuels " informels " (carnets, notes, brouillons, correspondances, cahiers de laboratoires), corpus visuels, sonores ou multimĂ©dia (campagnes photographiques, campagnes d'enquĂȘtes, enregistrements audio ou vidĂ©o), donnĂ©es Ă©lectroniques (bases de donnĂ©es, fichiers informatiques), etc. Le projet visait Ă©galement Ă  prolonger, de maniĂšre exploratoire, le questionnement sur le patrimoine scientifique Ă  partir des traces matĂ©rielles produites quotidiennement par les chercheurs dans leurs activitĂ©s de recherche. Ces traces reprĂ©sentent en effet une fenĂȘtre irremplaçable sur la science en train de se construire : elles permettent de rendre visible et comprĂ©hensible le processus habituellement dissimulĂ© de production de la science, ce qui constitue un enjeu scientifique et pĂ©dagogique fondamental

    Évaluation des compĂ©tences dans le cadre du nouveau programme de doctorat de premier cycle en pharmacie de l’UniversitĂ© Laval

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    RĂ©sumĂ©Objectif : PrĂ©senter l’expĂ©rience de l’évaluation des compĂ©tences Ă  l’aide de la formation « Rendre-compte » dans le cadre du programme de doctorat de premier cycle en pharmacie de l’UniversitĂ© Laval depuis sa mise en oeuvre.Mise en contexte : Le programme de doctorat de premier cycle en pharmacie de l’UniversitĂ© Laval s’articule autour du dĂ©veloppement de cinq compĂ©tences et de quatorze qualitĂ©s professionnelles (postures). Au terme de chaque annĂ©e, l’étudiant doit dĂ©montrer qu’il a atteint le degrĂ© attendu de dĂ©veloppement de compĂ©tences et de prise en compte des postures. Cette Ă©valuation a lieu dans le cadre du cours « Rendre-compte ».RĂ©sultats : L'Ă©valuation du degrĂ© d’acquisition des compĂ©tences dans le cadre du cours « Rendre-compte » depuis l’implantation du doctorat de premier cycle en pharmacie en 2011 est prĂ©sentĂ©e. Les donnĂ©es colligĂ©es portent sur les rĂ©sultats des Ă©tudiants et les ressources matĂ©rielles et humaines mises en place. Le taux de succĂšs est Ă©levĂ©, mais certains Ă©tudiants ne sont pas en mesure de dĂ©montrer qu’ils ont atteint le degrĂ© d’acquisition des compĂ©tences souhaitĂ©. Comme cette dĂ©monstration est essentielle Ă  la poursuite des Ă©tudes et Ă  l’obtention du diplĂŽme, il arrive que certains Ă©tudiants se retrouvent exclus du programme. Pour rĂ©intĂ©grer le programme, ils doivent rĂ©ussir une activitĂ© de remĂ©diation. L’échec Ă  ce plan de rattrapage amĂšne l’exclusion dĂ©finitive du programme.Discussion : Le processus « Rendre-compte » permet Ă  l’étudiant de dĂ©montrer qu’il a atteint le degrĂ© d’acquisition des compĂ©tences attendu et qu’il est capable de dĂ©velopper les qualitĂ©s professionnelles requises (postures). Cette Ă©valuation est efficace tant du point de vue de l’étudiant que de celui de la direction de programme.Conclusion : Le processus « Rendre-compte » contribue Ă  l’évaluation continue des apprentissages et Ă  l’efficacitĂ© du nouveau programme dĂ©veloppĂ© autour des compĂ©tences professionnelles. Cette mĂ©thode d’évaluation se distingue par la prĂ©sentation Ă©crite et orale d’un dossier de rĂ©ussite.AbstractObjective: To present the experience of evaluating skills through the course entitled “Rendre-compte” (Progress Reporting) in UniversitĂ© Laval’s undergraduate Doctor of Pharmacy program. Background: UniversitĂ© Laval’s undergraduate Doctor of Pharmacy program is centred on the development of five skills and 14 professional qualities. At the end of each year, the student must show that he/she has achieved the expected level of skill development and professional qualities. This evaluation takes place in this course.Results: The section presents the assessment of the level of skill acquisition in the course “Rendre-compte” since the undergraduate Doctor of Pharmacy program’s started in 2011. The collected data concern the students’ performance and the physical and human resources made available. The success rate is high, but some students are not able to show that they have achieved the desired level of skills. Since this demonstration is required in order for the student to continue his/her studies and to graduate, some students are dismissed from the program. To be reinstated, they must successfully complete a remedial activity. Failure to do so results in permanent dismissal from the program.Discussion: Progress reporting enables the student to show that he/she has achieved the expected level of skill acquisition and is able to develop the required professional qualities. This evaluation is effective both from the student’s and the program’s directors perspective.Conclusion: Progress reporting contributes to the ongoing evaluation of learning and to the effectiveness of this new professional skills-oriented program. This evaluation method is distinguished by the written and oral presentation of an achievement record.

    Residual stresses in as-welded joints: finite element modeling and neutron diffraction stress measurements

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    This paper describes the numerical analysis method used to estimate welding induced residual stresses in K-shape tubular bridge joints. The knowledge of residual stress distribution is required to design the geometry of K-joints loaded under fatigue stresses. Numerical simulations are focused on the arc welding MAG process, generally used to weld joints in bridge construction. Thermomechanical analyses are performed in 3D using two finite element codes: ABAQUSÂź and MORFEOÂź. ABAQUS has the advantage to offer large analysis capabilities (nonlinear, transient, dynamic, etc.) whereas MORFEO is more dedicated to welding processes and offers the possibility to analyze crack propagation under fatigue loads. Computed residual stresses in the region surrounding the weld are compared with measured residual stresses in order to estimate the ability of the codes to reproduce these stresses. Position, orientation and magnitude of the highest residual stress components are discussed

    GENLIB : an R package for the analysis of genealogical data

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    Background Founder populations have an important role in the study of genetic diseases. Access to detailed genealogical records is often one of their advantages. These genealogical data provide unique information for researchers in evolutionary and population genetics, demography and genetic epidemiology. However, analyzing large genealogical datasets requires specialized methods and software. The GENLIB software was developed to study the large genealogies of the French Canadian population of Quebec, Canada. These genealogies are accessible through the BALSAC database, which contains over 3 million records covering the whole province of Quebec over four centuries. Using this resource, extended pedigrees of up to 17 generations can be constructed from a sample of present-day individuals. Results We have extended and implemented GENLIB as a package in the R environment for statistical computing and graphics, thus allowing optimal flexibility for users. The GENLIB package includes basic functions to manage genealogical data allowing, for example, extraction of a part of a genealogy or selection of specific individuals. There are also many functions providing information to describe the size and complexity of genealogies as well as functions to compute standard measures such as kinship, inbreeding and genetic contribution. GENLIB also includes functions for gene-dropping simulations. The goal of this paper is to present the full functionalities of GENLIB. We used a sample of 140 individuals from the province of Quebec (Canada) to demonstrate GENLIB’s functions. Ascending genealogies for these individuals were reconstructed using BALSAC, yielding a large pedigree of 41,523 individuals. Using GENLIB’s functions, we provide a detailed description of these genealogical data in terms of completeness, genetic contribution of founders, relatedness, inbreeding and the overall complexity of the genealogical tree. We also present gene-dropping simulations based on the whole genealogy to investigate identical-by-descent sharing of alleles and chromosomal segments of different lengths and estimate probabilities of identical-by-descent sharing. Conclusions The R package GENLIB provides a user friendly and flexible environment to analyze extensive genealogical data, allowing an efficient and easy integration of different types of data, analytical methods and additional developments and making this tool ideal for genealogical analysis
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