3,830 research outputs found

    A Comparative Study of Amino Acid Encoding Methods for Predicting Drug-Target Interactions in COVID-19 Disease

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    Identifying drug-target interactions plays an important role in discovering drugs. Identifying, finding, and preparing drug molecule targets is the key for modern drug discovery. However, potential drug-target interactions are usually determined experimental approaches (in vivo and in vitro). Experimental approaches are expensive, require a lot of manpower, and the data are complex, making it difficult to use these methods effectively. For these reasons, the importance of simulation-based methods (in-silico) has increased and computational methods have started to be used more actively. In addition, more computational methods need to be developed to validate the interactions between drugs and their targets. In order to predict and validate the interactions between drugs and their targets by computational methods, both drugs and targets need to be mapped and to be classified with artificial intelligence techniques. As it is known, targets consist of proteins and protein sequences consist of letters. Furthermore, drug compounds are expressed in molecular codes. It is not possible to determine the interactions between drugs and their targets by computational methods without any pre-processing (mapping). The performance of the DTI (Drug-Target Interaction) prediction process varies according to the protein mapping and artificial intelligence approaches selected thus, it is important to choose the right methods in such applications. There are a number of protein mapping techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms in the literature. In this study, prediction of drug-target interactions carried out for COVID-19 disease by using certain protein mapping techniques and a deep learning. The proposed method consists of 5 stages. In the first stage, drug-target interactions were obtained from the DrugBank database. In the second stage, mapping of drug compounds and target proteins was made. While PubChem fingerprinting method was used for the mapping of drug compounds, target proteins were mapped with 6 different methods; Meiler parameters, Atchley factors, PAM250, BLOSUM62, Miyazawa energies and Micheletti potentials. In the third stage, the mapped drug compounds and the mapped target proteins were combined and a one-dimensional feature space was obtained. In the fourth stage, the one-dimensional feature that was generated before was classified with the LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) deep learning model and the prediction was performed. In the last stage, the performance of the protein mapping methods was determined and compared with accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) evaluation matrices. When the application results were examined, it was seen that all protein mapping techniques performed above 85%. The best accuracy and ROC scores were obtained from Atchley factors and Meiler parameters. With Atchley factors, an average of 92% accuracy and 98% ROC were obtained. With the Meiler parameters, the ROC value did not change, but the accuracy value was measured as 91%. Afterwards, it was observed that Micheletti potentials and Miyazawa energies showed the second best performance. On average, 90 and 91% accuracy values were obtained, respectively. ROC values were calculated to be close to each other and 98% ROC value was obtained for Micheletti potentials, while this ratio decreased to 96% with Miyazawa energies. BLOSUM62 and PAM250 protein mapping methods were more ineffective than other methods. While BLOSM62 showed an average accuracy of 87%, PAM250 predicted drug-target interactions an average of 91% accuracy. While the ROC value of the BLOSUM62 method was 89%, this rate increased in PAM250 and a ROC value of 92% was obtained. Contributions obtained by the end of the study can be expressed as follows; with this study for the first time, drug-target interactions of COVID-19 were predicted by protein mapping techniques. In addition, the most effective protein mapping method among protein mapping techniques was determined. It was demonstrated that the selected protein mapping techniques are important in determining drug-target interactions. Additionally, it has been observed that computational-based methods can be at least as effective as experimental approaches. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.2-s2.0-8511878579

    Renewable energy sources as a solution for energy security risk: Empirical evidence from OECD countries

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    This study analyzes the impact of renewable energy on energy security risk for 23 OECD countries over the 1985-2016 period using second generation panel data techniques. To our knowledge, this study is the first to empirically analyze the impact of renewable energy sources on energy security risk for OECD countries. According to the findings obtained from the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimates for OECD countries, we have concluded that wind, hydroelectric, and total renewable energy reduce energy security risk, whereas biomass and solar sources do not have a significant effect on energy security. According to the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test results, we found unidirectional causality running from biomass and hydroelectricity to energy security risk and bidirectional causality between industrial production, total energy, economic integration, urbanization, and wind and energy security risk. The study also made country-specific estimates which show significant differences in terms of the direction of the relationship, significance, and coefficient size by country. The findings demonstrate that wind, hydroelectricity, and total renewable energy reduce energy security risk for OECD countries. However, these positive effects are not valid for all OECD countries. According to these results, OECD countries should implement policies aiming to reduce their energy security risk specific to countries' unique characteristics. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.WOS:0007225802000112-s2.0-8511952163

    Effect of temperature on wear behavior of multilayered thin cr-coated acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer: An experimental and prediction study

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    The wear behavior of thin chromium-coated and uncoated acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) samples were investigated by using a pin-on-disk test apparatus with a heat chamber for different temperatures of 30°C, 50°C, 70°C, 90°C, and 110°C. The wear tracks were characterized with a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and widefield confocal microscope. The tests showed that the wear of thin chromium-coated ABS samples exhibited better results under high temperature in comparison with uncoated samples. Then, the experimental data are used to create Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXogenous inputs (NARX) and transfer function prediction models for wear experiments. It is observed that the NARX model matches quite well with the experimental data. Copyright © 2021 by ASTM International.The author acknowledges PGS Plastics Wood Metal Coating Industry and Trade Ltd. Co. for the support.2-s2.0-8511044958

    Picture Fuzzy Edas Method for Team Leader Selection in International Audit Firm

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    International Conference on Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, INFUS 2021 -- 24 August 2021 through 26 August 2021 -- 264409Today, many companies are turning to teamwork rather than individual efforts. It seems to be much more effective, creating a common synergy by working in a team after an appropriate job sharing. The efficiency of team work properly depends on what the team leader guides in this regard. For this reason, the selection of a team leader is also extremely important for effective and efficient teamwork. The team leader selection can be called as a MCDM problem because it depends on numerous selection criteria. In this research, a decision support model is provided in order to help an independent firm, specializing in audit services selecting the most appropriate candidate. In the model proposed, considering the fuzziness of the evaluation processus Picture Fuzzy Edas method is applied. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.2-s2.0-8511509246

    Debates around İslamism on Turkey: Birikim magazine

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    YÖK Tez: 671138Cumhuriyetin kurulmasıyla Türkiye'de başlayan toplumsal değişim, çoğu zaman din ve din eksenli konular etrafında gelişme göstermiştir. Sosyal ve kültürel yaşamın her alanında tartışılan bu konular, farklı biçim ve hareket noktaları edinerek gündem oluşturmaya devam etmektedir. Başlangıçta din, kültür ve sosyal yaşama dair konularda yoğunluk oluşturmuş bu tartışmalar; günümüzde de İslâmcılık, İslâmî Hareketler, İslâm ve kadın, İslâm ve modernite, laiklik, vb. birçok kavram etrafında tartışılmış ve tartışılmaya devam edilmektedir. Toplumun tüm kesimlerini bir şekilde ilgilendiren bu tartışmalar, farklı birçok çevre tarafından ele alınmış, incelenmiş ve değerlendirmelere tabi tutulmuştur.The social change that began in Turkey with the Republic's establishment has often developed around religious issues. These topics, which are discussed in all social and cultural life areas, continue to form an agenda by adopting different forms and points of movement. These discussions, which were initially concentrated on issues related to religion, culture, and social life, have been discussed and continue to be discussed around many concepts such as İslâmîsm, İslâmîc Movements, İslâm and women, İslâm and modernity, secularism, etc. These discussions, which concern all segments of society in some way, have been dealt with, studied, and evaluated by many different thoughts

    Dispute Settlement Mechanism in International Law and Compliance Mechanisms in International Law: A Comparative Analysis

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    DergiPark: 849863klujfeasUluslararası hukukun temel kaynaklarından bir tanesi devletler arasında imzalanan uluslararası antlaşmalardır. Devletler kendi aralarındaki antlaşmalara ahde vefa ilkesi gereği genellikle uyma eğilimi göstermektedirler. Ancak devletlerin kendi aralarında imzaladıkları antlaşmalara zaman zaman uymadıkları da görülmektedir. Anarşik bir uluslararası sistemde devletler arasında uyuşmazlıklar çok sık görülmektedir. Devletler çıkarlarına ters düştükleri durumlarda ister istemez farklı devletler ile uyuşmazlığa taraf olabilmektedirler. Uyuşmazlıkların çözümü için uluslararası hukukta barışçıl çözüm ve yargısal çözüm olmak üzere iki çözüm yolu bulunmaktadır. Yargısal çözüm devletlerin ancak yargı yetkisini kabul ettikleri bir mahkeme veya tahkim ile mümkün olabilmektedir. Barışçıl çözüm yolları Birleşmiş Milletler Antlaşmasının 33. Maddesinde belirtilmiştir. Bu çözüm yollar görüşme, soruşturma, arabuluculuk, uzlaşma, hakemlik ve yargısal çözümdür. Bunun yanında bazı uluslararası antlaşmalar kendi yargısal çözüm mekanizmalarını da oluşturmuştur. 1982 Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi, Avrupa Birliği’nin yargı organları bu alanda verilebilecek başlıca örneklerdir. Bu çalışmada barışçıl ve yargısal yoldan anlaşmazlıkların çözümü ile uluslararası hukukta uygunluğun sağlanması mekanizmaları karşılaştırılacaktır.One of the main sources of international law is international treaties signed between states. States generally tend to comply with the treaties among themselves, as required by the pacta-sunt-servanda principle. However, it is also seen that states sometimes do not comply with the treaties they have signed among themselves. In an anarchic international system, conflicts between states are very common. States may inevitably be a party to disputes with different states when they conflict with their interests. There are two solutions in international law for the settlement of disputes, namely, peaceful and judicial solutions. Judicial settlement can only be possible with a court or arbitration where the states accept their jurisdiction. Peaceful solutions are specified in Article 33 of the United Nations Charter. These solutions are negotiation, investigation, mediation, reconciliation, arbitration and judicial solution. Besides, some international agreements have also created their own judicial solution mechanisms. 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the judicial bodies of the European Union are the main examples that can be given in this field. In this study, the mechanisms of peaceful and judicial dispute resolution and ensuring compliance with international law will be compared

    Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of nickel superalloy weld metal

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    Inconel 625 alloy is used in aggressive environments at high temperatures such as in petro-chemical applications, in the aeronautical and nuclear energy industries because of its propitious mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this study, Inconel 625 samples were joined with ERNiCrMo-3 filler metal using the MIG (metal inert gas) method. Also, the relationship between the microstructure and corrosion properties of the Inconel 625 weld were investigated. The microstructure properties of the weld metal were determined by a light metal microscope (LMM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Moreover, the corrosion properties of the weld metal and the base material were examined by potentiodynamic polarization tests. The corrosion behavior and parameters of the electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization were determined depending on microstructure properties. Inconel 625 was joined successfully via multipass welding. Moreover, excessive heat input ensured the formation of intermetallic phases. Mechanical and corrosion properties of the weld metal were affected negatively due to the formation of intermetallics.WOS:00071082540000

    NANOSCALE INFRARED INVESTIGATION OF ORGANICS IN CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES

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    [Abstract Not Available]WOS:00068401430029

    THE SCALE OF TEACHERS’ VIRTUAL CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT COMPETENCE: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

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    Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin sanal sınıf yönetimi yeterliğini ölçebilecek bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Genel taramamodelinde yürütülen ölçekleme temelli bu araştırma, öğretmenlerin sanal sınıf yönetimi yeterliği ölçeğinin yapı geçerliğinive iç tutarlılığını tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Kırklareli ilimerkez ve ilçelerinde görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, açımlayıcı faktör için 329öğretmenden, doğrulayıcı faktör için 322 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Taslak ölçek 5’li likert tipinde ve 25 maddedenoluşmuştur. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin 3 faktör ve 24 maddeden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Maddeiçerikleri incelendikten sonra birinci alt ölçeğe “öğrencilerle ilişkiler”, ikinci alt ölçeğe “sanal sınıf içi etkinlikler” ve üçüncüalt ölçeğe “sanal sınıf yönetimi” adı verilmiştir. Test sonucunda "t" değerleri istatistiksel açıdan ,001 düzeyinde anlamlıolduğu için tüm maddelerin ayırdedici oldukları anlaşılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği, Cronbach Alfa (?) Katsayısı, SpearmanBrown Katsayısı ve Guttman Katsayısı ile yapılan güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda belirlenmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizisonucuna göre, bütün maddeler ilgili faktörler altında anlamlıdır. Bu sonuçlar, Öğretmenlerin Sanal Sınıf Yönetimi YeterliğiÖlçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçek, öğretmenlerin sanal sınıf yönetimi yeterlikdüzeylerini belirlemek için ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde bütün öğretim kademelerinde kullanılabilir. Öğretmenlerin sanalsınıf yönetimi yeterlikleri, nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak daha derinlemesine araştırılabilir.The aim of this research is to develop a scale that can measure teachers' virtual classroom management competence. This scale based research that was conducted with general survey model aims to determine the construct validity and internal consistency of the scale of teachers' virtual classroom management competence. The population of the research consists of teachers working in the central and other districts of Kırklareli province in the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample of the study consists of 329 teachers for the explanatory factor and 322 teachers for the confirmatory factor. The draft scale is 5- point likert type scale and consists of 25 items. According to the result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale consists of 3 factors and 24 items. After the item contents were examined, the first sub-dimension was named as "relationships with students", the second sub-dimension was named as "virtual classroom activities" and the third subdimension was named as "virtual classroom management". As the "t" values were statistically meaningful at the .001 level, it was understood that all items were discriminant. The reliability of the scale was determined as a result of the reliability analysis performed with the Cronbach Alpha (?) Coefficient, Spearman-Brown Coefficient and Guttman Coefficient. According to the result of confirmatory factor analysis, all items are meaningful in terms of the related factors. These results show that the scale of Teachers' Virtual Classroom Management Competence is a valid and reliable scale. The scale can be used to determine the level of teachers’ virtual classroom management competencies at all teaching levels at national and international level. Teachers’ virtual classroom management competencies can be investigated more in depth by using qualitative research method

    A comparative study on appliance recognition with power parameters by using machine learning algorithms

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    Recently, machine Learning algorithms are widely used in many fields. Especially, they are reallygood to create prediction models for problems which are not easy to solve with conventionalprogramming techniques. Although, there are many different kinds of machine learningalgorithms, results of applications are varying depend on type of data and correlation ofinformation. In this study, different machine learning algorithms have been used for appliancerecognition. The measurement data of Appliance Consumption Signatures database and somederivative values have been used for training and testing. Additionally, a data pre-processingtechnique and its effects on results have been presented. Filtering corrupted data and removinguncertain measurement value has improved the quality of machine learning. Combination ofmachine learning algorithms is best way to work with uncertain values. Different feature extractionmethods and data pre-processing techniques are crucial in machine learning. Therefore, this studyaims to develop a high accurate appliance recognition technique by combining grey relationalanalysis and an ensemble classification method. The results of this new method have beenpresented comparatively to show the improvement for itself and previous studies that uses thesame database
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