Retrospective analysis of 291 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) from 06/2017 to 06/2019 at the University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany: Investigation of adherence to the SAB care bundle, effects on mortality, clinical outcomes, and characterization of strains

From June 2017 to June 2019, 291 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) were evaluated retrospectively. Patient baseline characteristics, clinical presentations, empiric and targeted treatment, and clinical outcomes were assessed. Our study aimed to evaluate the adherence to a designated SAB care bundle and to assess whether proper adherence improved patient survival. Furthermore, as data for spa type distributions in MSSA-SAB are scarce for Germany, we aimed to describe circulating spa types and spa Clonal Complexes (spa CC) in our epidemiological setting

Measurements of Penetration and Detoxification of PS II Herbicides in Whole Leaves by a Fluorometric Method

The effect of herbicides that inhibit the photosynthetic electron transport at the photosystem II acceptor side has been analyzed in whole plants by using a fluorometric method. The data reported indicate that the apparent variable fluorescence of the induction curve normalized to the control value provides reliable information about the penetration rate and metabolic detoxification of PS II herbicides in whole plants

Structure of the ATP-Synthase from Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Studied by Electron Microscopy

The structure of the ATP-synthase, F0F1 , from spinach chloroplasts and beef heart mitochondria has been investigated by electron microscopy with negatively stained specimens. The detergent-solubilized ATP-synthase forms string-like structures in which the F0 parts are aggregated. In most cases, the F, parts are arranged at alternating sides along the string. The F0 part has an approximate cylindrical shape with heights of 8.3 and 8.9 nm and diameters of 6.2 and 6.4 nm for the chloroplast and mitochondrial enzyme, respectively. The F, parts are disk-like structures with a diameter of about 11.5 nm and a height of about 8.5 nm. The F, parts are attached to the strings, composed of Fn parts, in most cases, with their smallest dimension parallel to the strings. The stalk connecting F0 and F, has a length of 3.7 nm and 4.3 nm and a diameter of 2.7 nm and 4.3 nm for the chloroplast and mitochondrial enzyme, respectively

Photo-assisted Andreev reflection as a probe of quantum noise

Andreev reflection, which corresponds to the tunneling of two electrons from a metallic lead to a superconductor lead as a Cooper pair (or vice versa), can be exploited to measure high frequency noise. A detector is proposed, which consists of a normal lead--superconductor circuit, which is capacitively coupled to a mesoscopic circuit where noise is to be measured. We discuss two detector circuits: a single normal metal -- superconductor tunnel junction and a normal metal separated from a superconductor by a quantum dot operating in the Coulomb blockade regime. A substantial DC current flows in the detector circuit when an appropriate photon is provided or absorbed by the mesoscopic circuit, which plays the role of an environment for the junction to which it couples. Results for the current can be cast in all cases in the form of a frequency integral of the excess noise of the environment weighted by a kernel which is specific to the transport process (quasiparticle tunneling, Andreev reflection,...) which is considered. We apply these ideas to the measurement of the excess noise of a quantum point contact and we provide numerical estimates of the detector current.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure

Effect of Tentoxin on the Activation and on the Catalytic Reaction of Reconstituted H+-ATPase from Chloroplasts

The proton-translocating ATPase from chloroplasts, CF0F1, was isolated, purified and reconstituted into asolectin liposomes. The effect of the energy transfer inhibitor, tentoxin, on different functions of the enzyme was investigated. Tentoxin does not inhibit the nucleotide release during energization by a pH /ΔΨ jump, i.e. the activation of the enzyme is not influenced. ATP synthesis driven by a pH /ΔΨ jump and multi-site ATP hydrolysis are completely inhibited by tentoxin, whereas uni-site ATP hydrolysis is not influenced

The activity of the ATP synthase from Escherichia coli is regulated by the transmembrane proton motive force.

The ATP synthase from Escherichia coli was reconstituted into liposomes from phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidic acid. The proteoliposomes were energized by an acid-base transition and a K(+)/valinomycin diffusion potential, and one second after energization, the electrochemical proton gradient was dissipated by uncouplers, and the ATP hydrolysis measurement was started. In the presence of ADP and P(i), the initial rate of ATP hydrolysis was up to 9-fold higher with pre-energized proteoliposomes than with proteoliposomes that had not seen an electrochemical proton gradient. After dissipating the electrochemical proton gradient, the high rate of ATP hydrolysis decayed to the rate without pre-energization within about 15 s. During this decay the enzyme carried out approximately 100 turnovers. In the absence of ADP and P(i), the rate of ATP hydrolysis was already high and could not be significantly increased by pre-energization. It is concluded that ATP hydrolysis is inhibited when ADP and P(i) are bound to the enzyme and that a high Delta mu(H(+)) is required to release ADP and P(i) and to convert the enzyme into a high activity state. This high activity state is metastable and decays slowly when Delta mu(H(+)) is abolished. Thus, the proton motive force does not only supply energy for ATP synthesis but also regulates the fraction of active enzymes

Supporting consumptions in parallel complex event processing operators on multicore architectures

Complex Event Processing hat in letzter Zeit durch das Internet of Things und die steigende Anzahl an Sensordaten immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Diese zu verwendeten Events müssen in Zusammenhang gestellt werden. Dadurch entstehen aus mehreren Events ein Complex Event. Um das Erstellen der Complex Events zu beschleunigen wird normalerweise auf parallele Verarbeitung zurückgegriffen. So werden die einzelnen Events an mehrere Worker verteilt und dupliziert. Es existieren bereits Systeme, die das parallele Verarbeiten solcher Events unterstützen. Häufig wird allerdings das Konsumieren der Events gefordert. Das heißt, es steht den anderen Workern nicht mehr zur Verfügung. Dadurch entstehen Abhängigkeiten zwischen den Workern. Aktuelle Systeme sind aufgrund dieser Abhängigkeiten nicht in der Lage, parallel zu arbeiten. In dieser Arbeit wird das SPECTRE Framework vorgestellt und evaluiert, das durch ein spekulatives Model auf Basis von Markov Ketten, die parallele Verarbeitung dieser Events ermöglicht.Complex Event Processing has grown in importance over the last few years trough the Internet of Things and the increasing sensor data generated. Through interpreting and combining those Events, Complex Events are generated. In order to increase the processing speed, this task is usually performed multithreaded. Events are distributed to different Threads and duplicated. There are already systems capable of processing Events multithreaded. Regularly event consumption is required, so an event can only be used to generate a single Complex Event. Since sometimes threads share an event, this results in dependencies. Current systems are not able to handle this dependencies while processing in parallel. So they have to process sequentially. This thesis introduces and evaluates the SPECRTE Framework, which is capable of parallel processing by using a speculative Model based on Markov Chains