Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment: The Reasons Why some Chinese Firms Fail in Norway

Author's submitted manuscriptThis is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Wang, Y. & Alon, I. (2020). Chinese outward foreign direct investment: The reasons why some Chinese firms fail in Norway. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 40(1), 31-43, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22066. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.Recent years have seen a dramatic rise in Chinese multinationals investing in various projects around the world. While there have been numerous studies of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (FDI), there have been far fewer that examine the factors that relate to their success or failure from the perspective of the Chinese investor. Here we present a cross-case analysis of four examples of Chinese investments in Norway that failed to produce a profit. Using semi-structured interviews with Chinese and local managers, government agencies, and data from secondary sources, we identify five factors that contributed to this: (a) legal factors, (b) cultural differences, (c) business strategies, (d) organizational structure, and (e) the selection of people. We believe that these four case studies contribute to our knowledge of the reasons why Chinese outward FDI fails, and that it offers guidance to the management of Chinese firms wishing to invest in Europe.submittedVersio

The effects of skewness on hedging decisions: an application of the skew-normal distribution in WTI and Brent futures

Skewness, as a proxy for extreme risks or losses, deserves more attention from risk management work of portfolio selection and futures hedging. We evaluate the hedging performance of strategies considering the skewness for two major benchmark international crude oil markets, Brent and WTI, with sample period ranging from June 11, 2018, to May 19, 2021. This paper contributes to the literature by accounting for futures basis and the skewness of the hedged portfolio return. Specifically, we first extend the existing literature of Lien (2010), whose study investigated the effect of skewness on optimal production and hedging decisions, to the case of a futures bias existing. Then, we propose minimum-risk hedging models wherein the return of the hedged portfolio return is assumed to follow a skew-normal distribution, which is a generalization of normality assumption. From the empirical results, we find that skewness cannot be ignored, otherwise it will lead to wrong hedging decision. Furthermore, hedging strategies under skew-normal distribution are outperformed than that under the normal distribution assumption. The research results of this paper have important implications for investors and decision makers to hedge the price risk of crude oil in extreme market conditions

Study on imbibition during the CO2 enhanced oil recovery in fractured tight sandstone reservoirs

CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a key technology for improving the oil recovery of fractured tight reservoirs, and imbibition has been recognized as an important mechanism for oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs. To clarify the imbibition role and influencing factors during the CO2-EOR process in fractured tight oil reservoirs and also improve the EOR mechanism, a high-temperature and high-pressure CO2 imbibition experiment was performed based on the nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The results show that high pressure and high permeability are beneficial to imbibition efficiency. The salinity of the imbibition fluid is not very sensitive to the imbibition recovery. In addition, the CO2 increases the imbibition speed and can also significantly improve the production rate and oil recovery. It is beneficial to increase the CO2 concentration to shorten the imbibition equilibrium time and enhance oil recovery. According to the results of the nuclear magnetic resonance study, although the nanopore can provide a greater imbibition force, the oil flow resistance is also larger, but CO2 can reduce the flow resistance of oil and be conducive to oil production in smaller pores. The inclusion of imbibition into the research category of CO2-EOR mechanism will be more in line with field practice and more scientific in fractured tight reservoirs, thus providing theoretical support for the development and improvement of the CO2-EOR technology.Document Type: Original articleCited as: Wang, Y., Shang, Q., Guo, J., Zhou, L. Study on imbibition during the CO2 enhanced oil recovery in fractured tight sandstone reservoirs. Capillarity, 2023, 7(3): 47-56. https://doi.org/10.46690/capi.2023.06.0

Cross-Regulation of Protein Stability by p53 and Nuclear Receptor SHP

We report here a novel interplay between tumor suppressor p53 and nuclear receptor SHP that controls p53 and SHP stability. Overexpression of p53 causes rapid SHP protein degradation, which does not require the presence of Mdm2 and is mediated by the proteosome pathway. Overexpressing SHP alone does not affect p53 stability. However, SHP destabilizes p53 by augmentation of Mdm2 ubiquitin ligase activity toward p53. The single amino acid substitution in the SHP protein SHPK170R increases SHP binding to p53 relative to SHP wild-type, whereas SHPG171A variant shows a diminished p53 binding. As a result of the cross-regulation, the tumor suppressor function of p53 and SHP in inhibition of colon cancer growth is compromised. Our findings reveal a unique scenario for a cross-inhibition between two tumor suppressors to keep their expression and function in check

An enhanced model for InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor

a b s t r a c t This paper presents an improved InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) model based on the Vertical Bipolar Inter-Company (VBIC) model. New transport current expression is proposed by considering the heterojunction effect. Collector capacitance is developed due to the mobile charge modulation, and the transit time formula is improved to account for electron velocity variation with the collector field under high current. The extraction flow is demonstrated. The new model has been verified by measurements on I-V, S-parameter, cut-off frequency and large-signal conditions