Molecular evaluation of transovarial transmission of the Uruguayan vaccine strains of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this documentDissertation (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2006.Microbiology and Plant Pathologyunrestricte

Testing albendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica: validation of an egg hatch test with isolates from South America and the United Kingdom

The main goal of the current work was to develop and validate an in vitro fluke egg hatch test, as a method for the detection of albendazole (ABZ) resistance in the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Fluke eggs (200/ml, n ¼ 5) from six different isolates were used in the current experimental work. They were obtained from different geographical locations and named Cullompton (UK), CEDIVE (Chascomus, Argentina), INTA-Bariloche (Bariloche, Argentina), Rubino (Uruguay), Cajamarca (Peru´ ) and Rı´o Chico (Catamarca, Argentina). The fluke eggs were incubated (258C) for a 12-h period in the presence of either ABZ or its sulphoxide metabolite (ABZ.SO) (5, 0.5 or 0.05 nmol/ml). Untreated eggs were incubated as a control. Incubated eggs (with or without drug present) were kept in darkness at 258C for 15 days. Afterwards, the trematode eggs were exposed to daylight over a 2-h period. Hatched and unhatched eggs were evaluated using an optical microscope, and the ovicidal activity was assessed for each fluke isolate. A very low ovicidal activity (#13.4%) was observed in the ABZ-resistant CEDIVE isolate for both ABZ and ABZ.SO. Conversely, in the INTA-Bariloche and Rı´o Chico isolates, which are suspected to be susceptible to ABZ, ovicidal activities $ 70.3% were observed after incubation with ABZ at the lowest concentration tested (0.05 nmol/ml). This finding correlates with that previouslyFil: Canevari, José. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Ceballos, Laura. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Sanabria, Rodrigo Eduardo Fabrizio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Clinica. Centro de Diagnostico e Investigaciones Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Jorge Roberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Clinica. Centro de Diagnostico e Investigaciones Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Olaechea, Fermín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; PerúFil: Cabrera, María. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; PerúFil: Gayo, Valeria. Instituto DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino"; UruguayFil: Fairweather, Ian. The Queen’s University of Belfast. Medical Biological Centre. School of Biological Sciences. Parasite Therapeutics Research Group; ArgentinaFil: Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Luis Ignacio. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin

DNA multigene characterization of Fasciola hepatica and Lymnaea neotropica and its fascioliasis transmission capacity in Uruguay, with historical correlation, human report review and infection risk analysis

Fascioliasis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease emerging in recent decades, in part due to the effects of climate and global changes. South America is the continent presenting more numerous human fascioliasis endemic areas and the highest Fasciola hepatica infection prevalences and intensities known in humans. These serious public health scenarios appear mainly linked to altitude areas in Andean countries, whereas lowland areas of non-Andean countries, such as Uruguay, only show sporadic human cases or outbreaks. To understand this difference, we characterized F. hepatica from cattle and horses and lymnaeids of Uruguay by sequencing of ribosomal DNA ITS-2 and ITS-1 spacers and mitochondrial DNA cox1, nad1 and 16S genes. Results indicate that vectors belong to Lymnaea neotropica instead of to Lymnaea viator, as always reported from Uruguay. Our correlation of fasciolid and lymnaeid haplotypes with historical data on the introduction and spread of livestock species into Uruguay allow to understand the molecular diversity detected. We study the life cycle and transmission features of F. hepatica by L. neotropica of Uruguay under standardized experimental conditions to enable a comparison with the transmission capacity of F. hepatica by Galba truncatula at very high altitude in Bolivia. Results demonstrate that although L. neotropica is a highly efficient vector in the lowlands, its transmission capacity is markedly lower than that of G. truncatula in the highlands. On this baseline, we review the human fascioliasis cases reported in Uruguay and analyze the present and future risk of human infection in front of future climate change estimations

1eras. Jornadas Iberoamericanas de Fasciolasis - Video parte 3

REGISTRO AUDIOVISUAL. PARTE 3. 1eras. JORNADAS IBEROAMERICANAS DE FASCIOLASIS, realizado en las III Jornadas Internacionales de Investigación, Ciencia y Universidad y las XII Jornadas de Investigación UMaza, el día 21 de octubre del 2020. El bloque fue moderado por el Dr. ROBERTO MERA Y SIERRA, bajo la coordinación general del Dr. Roberto Mera y Sierra. Las jornadas se llevaron adelante desde 19 al 23 de octubre del 2020 en formato totalmente virtual bajo plataforma Zoom y fueron transmitidas por el canal YouTube de la UMaza y el Facebook del Área de Ciencia y Técnica UMaza (Somos Ciencia y Técnica UMaza). Video editado por JOAQUÍN CIRICA, carrera Lic. en Realización Audiovisual UMaza. NOTA IMPORTANTE: Los autores que aquí se nombran fueron los oradores del bloque, no constituyendo la totalidad de los autores de la comunicación científica presentada (Para conocer el detalle total de autores, ver los mismos en cada comunicación publicada)

Old drugs for new uses: pharmacokinetic assessment to support Oxfendazole repurposing as a flukicidal compound

Introduction: Fascioliasis caused by Fasciola hepatica can cause considerable financial losses in livestock production. The main strategy for liver fluke control is based on the use of chemical-based treatments. However, the frequent use of effective flukicidal compounds had led to the development of drug resistance, largely to triclabendazole, the most extensively used drug.   Oxfendazole (OFZ) is a broad spectrum anthelmintic used as nematodicidal, without flukicidal activity at therapeutic doses (5 mg/kg). However, activity against F. hepatica has been reported after a single OFZ dose of 30 mg/kg in both sheep and pigs. The goals of the current work were 1) to compare the plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of different OFZ doses in non-infected sheep, and 2) to evaluate the dose-related pattern of in vivo accumulation of OFZ/metabolites into adult F. hepatica. Materials and methods: 1) PK trial: sheep were allocated into two groups (n=6 each) and orally treated with OFZ at either 5 (OFZ5) or 30 (OFZ30) mg/kg. Blood samples were collected during 96 h post-treatment, and plasma analyzed for OFZ/metabolites by HPLC. 2) Drug accumulation trial: Animals (8) were each orally infected with seventy five (75) metacercariae of F. hepatica. Sixteen weeks after infection, animals were randomly allocated into two experimental groups (n=4) and orally treated with OFZ at either 5 or 30mg/kg. Animals were killed at different times post-treatment and samples of blood, bile, liver and adult liver flukes were obtained. Samples were analyzed by HPLC. Results and conclusions: OFZ parent drug was the main analyte detected in plasma from OFZ treated sheep. The Cmax and AUC0-t values were approx. 4-fold higher in the OFZ30 group (2.5±0.6 µg/mL and 83.7 ± 20.5 µg.h/mL, respectively), compared to that observed after the 5 mg/kg dose (0.6±0.1 µg/mL and 18.0±3.7 µg.h/mL, respectively). These differences were also reflected in the pattern of OFZ accumulation into F. hepatica, which results 332 % higher after the 30 mg/kg dose (4.28 µg/g) compared to the lower dose (0.99 µg/g). The data shown here demonstrates that the OFZ dose increment is associated with a higher plasma drug exposure and accumulation into the target parasite, which help to explain OFZ efficacy against adult liver flukes at 30 mg/kg dose. The reported pharmacological data may contribute to assess OFZ repurposing for a new use as flukicidal.Fil: Ceballos, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Cantón, Candela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Gayo, Valeria. No especifíca;Fil: Moreno Torrejon, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Dominguez, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Luis Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina14th International Congress of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyWroclawPoloniaEuropean Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicolog

Repurposing oxfendazole as a potential flukicidal compound

Oxfendazole (OFZ) is a nematodicidal drug without flukicidal activity at its recommended therapeutic dose in sheep (5 mg/kg). However, flukicidal activity has been described when OFZ was used at a higher dose (30 mg/kg) both in sheep and pigs. The goals of this study were to characterize the OFZ/metabolites plasma disposition kinetics after OFZ administration at either 5 (OFZ5) or 30 (OFZ30) mg/kg dose to non-infected sheep (PK study), and to evaluate the dose-related pattern of in vivo accumulation of OFZ/metabolites into F. hepatica (Accumulation study). Pk study: sheep (n=12) were orally treated with OFZ at either 5 (OFZTD) or 30 (OFZ30) mg/kg. Blood samples were collected over 96 h p.t. Accumulation study: F. hepatica infected animals (n=8) were orally treated with OFZ at either 5 or 30mg/kg. After sacrifice, samples of blood, bile, liver and adult liver flukes were obtained at different times. OFZ was the main analyte detected in plasma from OFZ treated sheep and its systemic exposure (AUC0?LOQ) increased from 17.9 ± 3.71 (OFZ5) up to 85.4 ± 22.6 (OFZ30) µg.h/mL. The Cmax value was 4-fold higher in the OFZ30 group than that in OFZ5 group. These differences were also reflected in the pattern of OFZ accumulation into F. hepatica, which was 332 % higher in group OFZ30 (4.28 µg/g) than OFZ5 (0.99 µg/g). The OFZ dose increment was clearly associated with a higher plasma drug exposure and accumulation into the F. hepatica, which help to explain the OFZ flukicidal efficacy observed after a dose of 30 mg/kg. The reported pharmacological data may contribute to assess OFZ repurposing for a new use as flukicidal.Fil: Ceballos, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Cantón, Candela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Dominguez, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Moreno Torrejon, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Gayo, Valeria. No especifíca;Fil: Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Luis Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina65º Annual Meeting American Association of Veterinary ParasitologistsEstados UnidosAmerican Association of Veterinary Parasitologist

Uruguayan fasciolid and lymnaeid materials used, hosts, localities and DNA haplotype information for each molecular marker.

<p>Uruguayan fasciolid and lymnaeid materials used, hosts, localities and DNA haplotype information for each molecular marker.</p

Livestock movement timeline in the early introduction and spread of <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> and lymnaeids in Uruguay.

<p>Maps of South America (<b>A</b>) and Uruguay (<b>B</b>) showing main livestock passageways during the early Spanish and Portuguese colonizations. The analysis concerns the time of the old Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata, from Buenos Aires in the South and the "Banda Oriental" in the Southeast up to "Alto Peru" in the North. 1, 14, First introductions of pigs in 1541, horses in 1574, and goats in 1577; 2, 15, 16, First and second introduction of cattle derived from Corrientes population in 1611 and 1617; 3, 17, Introduction of cattle from Misiones by Jesuits at the beginning of 17th century; 4, 5, 18, 19, First introduction of sheep from Santa Fe in 1727 (4, 18) and subsequent large scale cattle introductions with "faeneros" from Asuncion, Corrientes and Santa Fe (4, 5, 18, 19); 6, Livestock route for silver transport from Potosi mines from mid 16th century; 7, Original route for introduced goats in 1611–1618; 8, 20, Introduction of sheep by the Portuguese in 1734–1735; 9, 21, Largest rustle of more than 400,000 cattle in 1705, from Vaqueria del Mar to Vaqueria de los Pinares, at the southern part of the Jesuit Misiones Orientales area (brownish area); 10, 22, Livestock spread at mid and end of 17th century; 11, Livestock route (Camino Real, Ruta del Viamont or Caminho do Viamão) for gold transport from Minas Geraes mines from 1690; 12, Interconnection livestock route (Ruta de las Misiones or Caminho das Missões); 13, Interconnection livestock route (Ruta de la Vaquería or Caminho da Vacaria); 23, Groups of Portuguese "bandeirantes" also using livestock; 24, Northward spread of livestock. Background for A from composed satellite map of South America orthographic projection by NASA (full resolution of 1,215 x 1,712 pixels; public domain) via Wikimedia Commons. Original S. Mas-Coma.</p

Shell of <i>Lymnaea neotropica</i> used for the experimental study of the transmission of Uruguayan <i>Fasciola hepatica</i>.

<p><b>A.</b> Ventral view; <b>B.</b> Dorsal view.</p

Differences found in mtDNA <i>nad</i>1 gene of <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> from Uruguay and other haplotypes.

<p>In the position where two or three different nucleotides or amino acids are noted, the first (noted with capital letter) is the majority one for <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> intraspecific variation. Position = numbers (to be read in vertical) refer to variable positions obtained in the alignment made with MEGA 6.0.6;. = identical; * = present paper. ** 51 <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> haplotypes described in Mas-Coma et al., 2009 [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005352#pntd.0005352.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>] (39 populations from 10 countries); haplotype Acc. No. M93388 from Salt Lake City, Utah, USA of Garey and Wolstenholme, 1989 [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005352#pntd.0005352.ref082" target="_blank">82</a>], and the haplotype Ac. No. AF216697 corresponding to the Geelon strain from Australia of Le et al., 2001 [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005352#pntd.0005352.ref083" target="_blank">83</a>]. Nt = nucleotide base pair; aa = amino acids.</p