Efekt koncentrace beta-hydroxybutyrátu v krvi na reprodukci, produkci a zdraví krav v prvních týdnech po otelení

The constant monitoring of dairy cow metabolism is extremely important, especially in the period immediately after calving, when the animals face the consequences of negative energy balance. The concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate is one of the reliable indicators of metabolic status. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the blood on selected parameters of production, reproduction, and health of Holstein dairy cows. The limit for subclinical ketosis was set to >1.2 mmol/L of beta-hydroxybutyrate in blood. Furthermore, the effects of lactation number, season, and year of assessment were added to the model equation. The results showed that high betahydroxybutyrate concentration in blood is associated with poor reproduction parameters (worse insemination interval and service period) and lower milk production. However, the results were ambiguous in relation to the somatic cell count and the occurrence of selected diseases (mastitis and ovarian cysts). Moreover, the effect of seasonality on the evaluated parameters was also confirmed (P<0.05), while assessed years were similar in most parameters. It can be concluded that the assessment of beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration as an indicator of potential ketosis is important and can be a suitable parameter for routine monitoring as it influences milk production, reproduction, and cow\u27s health.Sledování úrovně metabolismu u dojnice je neustále důležité a to hlavně v období bezprostředně po otelení, kdy jsou zvířata ohrožena důsledky negativní energetické bilance. Jedním z dobrých ukazatelů úrovně metabolismu je koncentrace beta-hydroxybutyrátu. Cílem této práce bylo zhodnotit vliv koncentrace beta-hydroxybutyrátu v krvi na vybrané parametry produkce, reprodukce a zdraví dojnic holštýnského skotu. Jako hranice subklinické ketózy byla nastavena hodnota beta-hydroxybutyrátu v krvi 1.2 mmol/L. Dele bylo provedeno vyhodnocení s využitím efektů pořadí laktace, kalendářního měsíce a roku hodnocení Z výsledků vyplývá, že je vysoká úroveň beta-hydroxybutyrátu v krvi spojená se zhoršenými parametry plodnosti (horší inseminační interval a servis perioda) a mléčné produkce. Nicméně, ve vztahu k počtu somatických buněk a výskytu vybraných onemocnění (mastitidy a výskyt ovariálních cyst) byly výsledky nejednoznačné. Navíc byl také potvrzen vliv sezónnosti na hodnocené ukazatele (P<0.05) a to i přesto, že hodnocené roky byly ve většině parametrů podobné. Z výsledků lze konstatovat, že hodnocení obsahu beta-hydroxybutyrátu jako indikátoru potenciální ketózy je důležité a potvrzuje se jako vhodný parametr pro rutinní monitoring ovlivňující mléčnou produkci, reprodukci a zdraví krav

Evaluation of cattle rearing on the family farm

This bachelor thesis is focused on the evaluation of production and reproductive performances of the Jan Vrhel family farm herd in the period 2007 - 2013 and then compared with yearbooks tracking periods with the herds of businesses with established KU (performance testing). The basic economic fundamentals of business profitability were also evaluated , which indicate that the business is sustainable only by contributing grants. Technological methods of rearing calves and heifers were evaluated as well and point to a lower level of breeding and reproductive labor. According to the prescribed diet and analysis of compound feed, it possible to evaluate the status and quality of feeding and nutrition, which is derived from high-quality farm produced feed. Overall evaluation of feeding and nutrition of the cattle in the family business Jan Vrhel, is good. Milk yield was evaluated according to the amount of sold milk and the state of the dairy cows. The evaluation showed that the family business dairy cows are slightly below the average dairy herd with established KU (performance testing)in Czech Republic in the period 2007 -2013. Overall, the Jan Vrhel farm is below the average herd in the Czech Republic with established KU, but due to good investment and improving reproductive and breeding work would be possible to achieve optimal values of all the quality indicators

Low-density lipoprotein supplementation improves the quality of Holstein bulls' insemination doses

Despite the routine use of cryopreservation in dairy cattle, the subsequent deterioration in the quality of bull insemination doses (IDs) is an incentive to refine cryopreservation protocols, including the composition of the ID. The aim of this study was to examine, using a flow cytometry assay, whether the selected concentrations of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) extracted from hen-egg yolk may improve the post-thaw quality of the ID diluted with a plant-based extender. In total, 30 ejaculates from five sires (six trials per animal) were collected and processed at the Artificial Insemination Centre. The effect of the low density lipoprotein supplementation to the AndroMed® diluent at 4 and 8% (v/v) on the cryopreservation efficiency was tested. The effects of the modified extenders were determined on different sperm subpopulations by simultaneous quadruple staining for flow cytometry as the percentage of sperm with intact plasma membrane and acrosome (PMAI), PMAI sperm showing high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP), sperm with plasma membrane damage (PMD), and sperm with acrosome damage (AD). It was observed that the 8% LDL treatment was more effective (P &lt; 0.05) in preserving all the analysed parameters than AndroMed® without any supplementation. The supplementation of the AndroMed® extender with 8% LDL resulted in the most optimal values of the PMAI (30.61 ± 1.13), HMMP (68.81 ± 1.25), PMD (68.69 ± 1.14), and AD (38.36 ± 1.13) compared to the control treatment (24.86 ± 1.13 for PMAI, 47.79 ± 1.25 for HMMP, 74.77 ± 1.14 for PMD, and 42.83 ± 1.13 for AD. The results of the study also demonstrated a synergistic positive effect of the LDL and soybean lecithin-based diluent on the spermatozoa post-thaw quality and resilience, based on 2 h long incubation. In conclusion, the soybean based semen extender treatment with LDL represents a beneficial tool to mitigate the detrimental effect of cryopreservation