Etiology and efficacy of anti-microbial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in adults requiring hospital admission in Ukraine

Background and aim: Empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains the standard care and guidelines are mostly based on published data from the United States or Europe. In this study, we determined the bacterial etiology of CAP and evaluated the clinical outcomes under antimicrobial treatment of CAP in Ukraine. Methods: A total of 98 adult subjects with CAP and PORT risk II-IV were recruited for the study. The sputum diagnostic samples were obtained from all patients for causative pathogen identification. Subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive delafloxacin 300 mg (n=51) or moxifloxacin 400 mg (n=47) with a blinding placebo. The switch to oral treatment was after a minimum of 6 IV doses according to clinical criteria. The total duration of antibacterial treatment was 5-10 days. In vitro susceptibility of pathogens to delafloxacin and other comparator antibiotics was determined. Results: The most frequently isolated pathogens in adults with CAP were S. pneumoniae – 19.5%, M. pneumoniae – 15.3%, H. influenzae – 13.2%, S. aureus – 10.5%, K. pneumoniae – 10.1%, and H. parainfluenzae – 6.4%. All isolates of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, M. pneumoniae had sufficient susceptibility to appropriate antibiotics. 9.0% of H. influenzae strains were susceptible to azithromycin. 94.8 % of patients had a successful clinical response to delafloxacin at the end of treatment and 93.9 % – at test-of-cure. Conclusions: In Ukraine, the major bacterial agents that induced CAP in adults were S. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, H. parainfluenzae, E. cloacae, L. pneumophila. Delafloxacin is a promising effective antibiotic for monotherapy of CAP in adults and could be used in cases of antimicrobial-resistant strains. (www.actabiomedica.it

The Influence of Sports Disciplines on the Development of Key Competencies of Future Physical Education Teachers

The reform of primary school education caused significant changes in the trajectories of the physical education. This study was aimed at identifying the ways of forming professional competencies among students as an indicator of the quality of knowledge. During the research, the following methods were used: the analysis of literature sources, laws and regulations, normative documentation, analysis, design, modeling, survey, observation, generalisation of pedagogical experience of specialists. The authors developed scientific and methodological material regarding the problem of the formation of professional competencies among students. The ways of formation of professional competencies among students were revealed. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches to the formation of professional competencies as an indicator of the quality of students' knowledge was checked. Methodical materials and practical tasks that contain recommendations which will help teachers to create an educational environment, provide various forms of integrated learning, involve families of children in pedagogical interaction, evaluate their own practice, monitor student development were developed