LE PILOTAGE DES RELATIONS D'IMPARTITION DE COMPETENCES

La recherche présentée porte sur l'influence des modes de pilotage sur la performance dans l'impartition de compétences. L'étude de vingtneuf situations développées par des PMI montre que, dans les impartitions de conception - réalisation, le suivi des indicateurs " coût, qualité, délai " ne conduit pas à une performance aussi élevée qu'un suivi " comportemental ".pilotage des relations; impartition; compétences

Tunable Functionality and toxicity studies of Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Layers

In this work, we have developed economic process to elaborate scalable titanium dioxide nanotube layers which show a tunable functionality. The titanium dioxide nanotube layers was prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti foil in 0.4 wt% hydrofluoric acid solution. The nanotube layers structure and morphology were characterized using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The surface topography and wettability was studied according to the anodization time. The sample synthesized while the current density reached a local minimum displayed higher contact angle. Beyond this point, the contact angles decrease with the anodization time. Photo-degradation of acid orange 7 in aqueous solution was used as a probe to assess the photo-catalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanotube layers under UV irradiation. We obtained better photocatalitic activity for the sample elaborate at higher current density. Finally we use the Ciliated Protozoan T. pyriformis, an alternative cell model used for in vitro toxicity studies, to predict the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanotube layers in biological system. We did not observe any characteristic effect in the presence of the titanium dioxide nanotube layers on two physiological parameters related to this organism, non-specific esterases activity and population growth rate

Les musiciens de variété à l'épreuve de l'intermittence (des précarités maîtrisées ?)

Le régime spécifique des intermittents du spectacle et leurs conditions de vie font débat dans la société française, comme en témoigne d importants mouvements sociaux marquant épisodiquement la scène politique. Ce contexte économique et social invite à interroger les conditions d emploi, de travail et de vie des musiciens intermittents par une enquête qualitative recouvrant une soixantaine d entretiens auprès de musiciens auteurs, compositeurs et/ou interprètes, complétée par une immersion de deux années dans des réseaux professionnels parisiens et lyonnais. L intermittence et la précarité n étant pas circonscrites à un seul domaine, nous avons, pour répondre à ce questionnement, procédé à une analyse qui croise les sphères de l emploi, du travail et des modes de vie, tout en démontrant leurs interdépendances. La première partie présente la flexiprécarité sécurisée de l emploi intermittentoù la discontinuité et la précarité de l emploiintermittent sont, en partie, sécurisées par le régime des intermittents du spectacle. La deuxième partie aborde l instabilité et l imprévisibilité des revenus des musiciens qui sont, néanmoins, contrebalancées par la nature vocationnelle de l activité ainsi que des satisfactions intrinsèques et extrinsèques du travail artistique. Cette partie permet de comprendre pourquoi des trajectoires aussi morcelées par la flexiprécarité de l emploi attirent autant d artistes. Enfin, la troisième partie traite des trajectoires professionnelles et du mode de vie des musiciens et permet de comprendre en quoi le rapport à l emploi et au travail génère des effets concrets sur les modes de vie. L analyse porte, plus précisément, sur les risques sociaux inhérents aux caractéristiques du métier, sur la déstructuration des rythmes de vie ainsi que sur la fragilité des liens sociaux, conjugaux et parentaux. En somme, cette thèse avance l idée centrale selon laquelle les musiciens parviennent à surmonter ces précarités conjuguées grâce des points d ancrage tels que le salaire socialisé (le régime des intermittents du spectacle), les réseaux de cooptation, les satisfactions au travail, les stratégies de diversification des activités ainsi que les solidarités familiales. La fragilité est donc compensée, dans une certaine mesure, par ces facteurs de stabilité, même si étant inégalement répartis entre les musiciens, ils renforcent les inégalités sociales. Cette mise en regard des conditions d emploi, de travail et de vie des travailleurs musicaux permet de dégager leurs interdépendances, la manière dont les artistes les gèrent au quotidien ainsi que de saisir la complexité de la construction de leurs trajectoires socioprofessionnelles, tant d un point de vue objectif que subjectif.The specific regime of the occasional entertainment workers and their living conditions make debate in the French society, as testifies of it important social movements marking occasionally the political scene. This economic and social context invites to question the conditions of employment, work and life of the occasional musicians by a qualitative investigation covering about sixty conversations with music authors, composers and\or interpreters, completed by a dumping of two years in professional networks in Paris and in Lyon. The irregularity and the precariousness not being confined in a single domain, we proceeded, to answer this questioning, to an analysis which crosses the spheres of their employment, their work and their lifestyles, while demonstrating their interdependences. The first part presents the secure flexi-precariousness of the occasional employment, where the discontinuity and the insecurity of occasional employment are, partially, secured by the regime of the occasional entertainment workers. The second part approaches the instability and the unpredictability of the income of the musicians which are counterbalanced, nevertheless, by a vocational regime of the relation of employment as well as intrinsic and extrinsic satisfactions of the artistic work. This part allows to understand why trajectories so split by the flexi - precariousness of the employment attract so many artists. Finally, the third part handles social and occupational trajectories of the musicians, and allows to understand in what the relationship in the employment and in the work generates concrete effects on the lifestyles. The analysis concerns, more exactly, the social risks inherent to the characteristics of the job, the disintegration of the rhythms of life as well as the fragility of the social, conjugal and parental links. As a matter of fact, this thesis advances the central idea according to which the musicians succeed in surmounting these conjugated precariousness thanks to anchor-points such as the socialized salary (the regime of the occasional entertainment workers), the networks of cooptation, the job satisfactions, the strategies of diversification of the activities as well as the family solidarities. The hillside of the precariousness which makes reference to the instability and the fragility is thus compensated, to a certain extent, with these factors of stability, even if being unevenly distributed between the musicians, they strengthen social inequalities. This close look at conditions of employment, work and life of the musical workers allows to highlight their interdependences, the way the artists manage them to the everyday life as well as to seize the complexity of the construction of their social and occupational trajectories, both from a subjectiveEVRY-Bib. électronique (912289901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Dermatologic immune-related adverse events : the toxicity spectrum and recommendations for management

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a new class of oncologic drugs that act via the inhibition of check- points, thereby unlocking the immune system to attack cancer cells. Their emergence has radically changed the concept of therapy in oncologic patients. However, despite their overall favorable profile, their use has been associated with specific toxicities that may potentially affect treatment. The so-called immune-related adverse events (irAEs) mostly correspond to dysimmune reactions that can affect nearly every organ system, in theory, notably with the development of colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, or thy- roiditis. Dermatologic irAEs are also among the most common, reaching a rate of approximately 40%. They are characterized by a wide phenotypic range, including mainly eczematous or lichenoid rashes, psoria- sis, or autoimmune bullous disorders. Pruritus may accompany the aforementioned rashes or develop as an isolated symptom without the presence of skin changes. Depigmentation and hair/nail changes can be also observed in association with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. In the current article, we present an overview of the clinical spectrum of irAEs and provide tips for early recognition and manage- ment of dermatologic irAEs. We highlight the role that dermatologists can play in relieving patients and allowing for oncologic treatment to be maintained and administered more safely.The Cancer Association of South Africa and the National Research Foundation of South Africa.https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/international-journal-of-womens-dermatologyam2022Immunolog

Non-infectious granulomatous disorders of the upper lip: clinicopathological analysis of 11 patients

Background Non-infectious granulomatous disorders of the upper lip represent a special chapter of oral and maxillofacial pathology. In this work we report a case-series of this process, to analyse its main clinicopathological features and find differential data that allow us improve its diagnosis and understand its pathogenesis. Methods We present 11 cases of non-infectious granulomatous disorders of the upper lip, 8 women and 3 men with an age range of 29-84 years, who have been attended at the Oral Medicine Department of the IUCT (France) and the Oral Medicine Unit of the UPV/EHU (Spain). All clinicopathological data were collected in a specific protocol. Results We recognized 4 different subtypes of non-infectious granulomatous disorders of the upper lip: (1) associated with Crohn's disease (1 case), (2) associated with foreign body (2 cases), (3) associated with gingivitis lichenoid-like (4 cases), (4) idiopathic (4 cases). Conclusions Clinicopathological differences were identified between these subtypes. A good differential diagnosis is necessary in all cases to rule out the presence of local or systemic etiopathogenic factors

A randomised phase II multicentre trial of irinotecan (CPT-11) using four different schedules in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

The purpose of this phase II trial was to compare the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of four irinotecan schedules for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. In total, 174 5-fluorouracil pretreated patients were randomised to: arm A (n=41), 350 mg m(-2) irinotecan as a 90-min i.v. infusion q3 weeks; arm B (n=38), 125 mg m(-2) irinotecan as a 90-min i.v. infusion weekly x 4 weeks q6 weeks; arm C (n=46), 250 mg m(-2) irinotecan as a 90-min i.v. infusion q2 weeks; or arm D (n=49), 10 mg m(-2) day(-1) irinotecan as a 14-day continuous infusion q3 weeks. No significant differences in efficacy across the four arms were observed, although a shorter time to treatment failure was noted for arm D (1.7 months; P=0.02). Overall response rates were in the range 5-11%. Secondary end points included median survival (6.4-9.4 months), and time to progression (2.7-3.8 months) and treatment failure (1.7-3.2 months). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the incidence of grade 3-4 toxicities, although the toxicity profile between arms A, B, and C and D did differ. Generally, significantly less haematologic toxicity, alopecia and cholinergic syndrome were observed in arm D; however, there was a trend for increased gastrointestinal toxicity. Irinotecan is an effective and safe second-line treatment for colorectal cancer. The schedules examined yielded equivalent results, indicating that there is no advantage of the prolonged vs short infusion schedule

Autoimmune aspects of psoriasis: Heritability and autoantigens

Chronic immune-mediated disorders (IMDs) constitute a major health burden. Understanding IMD pathogenesis is facing two major constraints: Missing heritability explaining familial clustering, and missing autoantigens. Pinpointing IMD risk genes and autoimmune targets, however, is of fundamental importance for developing novel causal therapies. The strongest association of all IMDs is seen with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Using psoriasis as an IMD model this article reviews the pathogenic role HLA molecules may have within the polygenic predisposition of IMDs. It concludes that disease-associated HLA alleles account for both missing heritability and autoimmune mechanisms by facilitating tissue-specific autoimmune responses through autoantigen presentation. (C) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V