Filosofía ambiental de campo: Educación e investigación para la valoración ecológica y ética de los insectos dulceacuícolas (Field environmental philosophy: education and research for the ecological and ethical appreciation of freshwater insects)

In a rapidly changing world, to confront biodiversity losses and the lack of appreciation for and knowledge about the most diverse groups of organisms, it is urgently necessary to stimulate cultural shifts that transcend purely scientific and technological domains. This paper addresses this problem by focusing on one of the least known groups of organisms, and in one of the most remote regions of the planet: freshwater insects in the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion. The work of this thesis included scientific-ecological and environmental philosophical research that was integrated into formal and non-formal environmental education practices that value freshwater insects, particularly as indicators of climate change. The integration of science and philosophy was done adapting the Field Environmental Philosophy methodology that includes a four-step cycle. Transdisciplinary research on freshwater insects and their sub-Antarctic ecosystems served as a basis for the composition of metaphors and educational activities with schoolchildren, other members of the local community and visitors to Omora Park, in Puerto Williams, Chile. Based on this work, new outdoor educational activities were designed with the objective of awakening the interest of citizens for insects, and nurturing their perceptions about these organisms, their habitats and life habits. In this way, at a local scale this work aims to contribute to greater knowledge, appreciation and conservation of this unique sub-Antarctic biodiversity, and at a global scale it aims to contribute overcoming the under-appreciation for the most diverse group of organisms: the insects

Modelos de Distribución de Especie de Telmatogeton magellanicus (Diptera: Chironomidae) como herramienta para detectar los avances del cambio climático en la Reserva de Biosfera de Cabo de Hornos, ecorregión subantártica de Magallanes

Los impactos del cambio climático están afectando fuertemente los ecosistemas, comunidades y especies terrestres y acuáticas de las regiones polares y subpolares. La ecorregión subantártica de Magallanes, debido a sus características y condiciones geográficas, representa un laboratorio natural para investigar respuestas de la biota terrestre y acuática al cambio climático. En este estudio, investigamos los cambios en los patrones de distribución del díptero subantártico Telmatogeton magellanicus (Chironomidae), nativo de los hábitats intermareales del sur de la ecorregión subantártica de Magallanes, en la Reserva de la Biosfera Cabo de Hornos, y cómo esta especie podría ser un buen centinela de cambio climático. A través del modelado de nicho ecológico o modelos de distribución de especies, modelamos la distribución actual y proyectada al futuro de T. magellanicus bajo dos escenarios de cambio climático predichos por el IPCC (SSP2-4.5 y SSP5-8.5). Los primeros resultados indican que para el escenario más catastrófico (SSP5-8.5) las consecuencias ecológicas del cambio climático no favorecerían a T. magellanicus, reduciendo su hábitat idóneo casi por completo, lo que podría conducir a la extinción local de varias poblaciones

Nativity, Complications, Pathology are Determinants of Surgical Results for Gastric Cancer

Background. About half the patients involved in the current study were born outside of the United States. Epidemiologic and histologic features and survival estimates were compared with persons born in the United States. Results of gastrectomy with lymph node dissection were studied. Methods. Records of 187 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach were reviewed. Seventy-six with a curative gastrectomy were staged retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done. Results. Seventy-six percent of histologically reviewed curative resections had the intestinal subtype with the same frequency in U.S.-born and foreign-born patients. Fewer patients with proximal third lesions were foreign born. Thirty-six percent had complications. The overall 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimate was 46%: 77% for patients with negative nodes and 33% for patients with positive nodes. N1 survival estimate was 44%; N2, 25%; N3(M1), 0%. All six patients with early gastric cancer are alive 50–147 months after surgery. Other Stage I patients had estimated survival of 65%; Stage II, 52%; Stage III, 40%; and Stage IV, 0%. Multivariate analysis revealed four significant prognostic variables: nativity, histologic subgroup, presence of complications, and number of positive nodes. Conclusions. Proximal gastric cancer was more common in U.S.-born persons. Gastric cancer may be more malignant in U.S.-born persons than in foreign-born persons because their survival was significantly poorer. Complications, a significant adverse factor, were more common in U.S. series. Pancreatectomy with gastrectomy is rarely indicated, because microscopic involvement is rare and complications frequent. The prognostic advantage of a regional lymphadenectomy remains unclear