Caso edificio Space

The Space building was a residential complex located in the city of Medellín (Colombia), which was divided into six stages or towers. In the last stage of the project, tower six suffered a structural failure that caused its collapse, which led to the demolition of the other towers. The main issues discussed are related to the design of structures, columns, beams, and loads that a structure can withstand given the terrain and the materials used for construction. In addition, the study carried out by the Universidad de Los Andes, which was the main source of information in the investigation of the collapse and its aftermath, will be presented. This article will collect and show information on this case in the areas directly related to civil engineering and what happened to those involved in the project.El edificio Space fue un conjunto residencial ubicado en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia), el cual se dividía en seis etapas o torres. En la última etapa del proyecto, la torres seis, sufrió una falla estructural que produjo el colapso de esta, y esto llevó a la demolición de las demás torres. Los problemas principales que se trataron están relacionados con el diseño de estructuras, columnas, vigas y cargas que puede soportar una estructura dadas las situaciones del terreno y los materiales utilizados para la construcción. Además, se dará a conocer el estudio realizado por la Universidad de Los Andes la cual fue la principal fuente de información en la investigación del colapso y posteriormente a este. El presente artículo recolectará y mostrará información de este caso en los ámbitos ligados directamente a la ingeniería civil y lo ocurrido con los implicados en el proyecto

Estimation and trends of the absorption refrigeration global market

This study presents the evolution and economic development of the global market for absorption refrigeration systems. The article reviews trends in demand for high and low-power absorption refrigeration systems. High growth potential was found in low-power absorption refrigeration systems in the global market. An important finding is that the most widely installed systems in the world are those of single effect and double effect, due to their cost/benefit ratio. It also reviews the relations and trends of companies that manufacture this technology

Effect of Raw and Extruded Propionic Acid-Treated Field Beans on Energy and Crude Protein Digestibility (In-Vitro and In-Vivo), Growth and Carcass Quality in Grow-Finisher Pigs

The in-vitro ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) of field beans treated with propionic acid (trFB) and extruded trFB (exFB) was determined in experiment 1. The DE and dCP values of trFB and exFB were determined using the difference method in experiment 2. The effect of replacing SBM with trFB and exFB in grow-finisher diets on growth, carcass quality, apparent ileal digestibility (AiD), and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, OM, gross energy (GE), and CP were investigated in experiment 3. In exp. 1, in-vitro digestibility of exFB compared to trFB was unchanged for DM (p = 0.12), increased for OM (p 0.05).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Crosstalk between Mu-Opioid receptors and neuroinflammation: Consequences for drug addiction and pain

Mu-Opioid Receptors (MORs) are well-known for participating in analgesia, sedation, drug addiction, and other physiological functions. Although MORs have been related to neuroinflammation their biological mechanism remains unclear. It is suggested that MORs work alongside Toll-Like Receptors to enhance the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines during pathological conditions. Some cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, have been postulated to regulate MORs levels by both avoiding MOR recycling and enhancing its production. In addition, Neurokinin-1 Receptor, also affected during neuroinflammation, could be regulating MOR trafficking. Therefore, inflammation in the central nervous system seems to be associated with altered/increased MORs expression, which might regulate harmful processes, such as drug addiction and pain. Here, we provide a critical evaluation on MORs' role during neuroinflammation and its implication for these conditions. Understanding MORs' functioning, their regulation and implications on drug addiction and pain may help elucidate their potential therapeutic use against these pathological conditions and associated disorders

Tele-care and tele-alarms for the elderly: preliminary experiences in Mexico

OBJETIVO Analizar el efecto de un programa piloto de tele-asistencia y tele-alarma en la autopercepción del estado de salud de los adultos mayores y conocer la satisfacción y aceptación del programa. METODOS Estudio transversal que incluyó entrevistas a 378 adultos mayores, 294 cuidadores/familiares y 53 profesionales de la salud, realizado en la Ciudad de México en 2010. Variables sociodemográficas, de autopercepción del estado de salud, satisfacción y aceptación del programa se obtuvieron por medio de cuestionario estandarizado. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas. RESULTADOS Se observaron efectos significativos en la autopercepción del estado de salud, 6,17 (DE 17,9 p < 0,05) puntos por encima de la media. El programa tuvo una buena aceptación por parte de los adultos mayores, de sus cuidadores familiares y de los profesionales de la salud. CONCLUSIONES El programa contribuye a mantener o mejorar la calidad de vida, permite la atención preventiva y es un medio ideal para dar apoyo psicosocial a los adultos mayores.OBJECTIVE : To analyze the effect of a pilot program of tele-assistance and tele-alarms on the elderly’s self-perception of health status and to identify the satisfaction with and acceptance of the program. METHODS : Cross-sectional study that included interviews with 378 elderly individuals, 294 caretakers/relatives and 53 health care professionals. The program was run in Mexico City in 2010. The variables were socio-demographic characteristics, self-rated health, satisfaction and acceptance of the program. The information was gathered through a standardized questionnaire. The statistical analysis included descriptive analysis and nonparametric tests. RESULTS : Significant effects on self-perception of health were observed, 6.17 (SD 17.9 p < 0.05) points above the average. The program was well received and accepted by the elderly, family caregivers and health professionals. CONCLUSIONS : The program helps to maintain or improve quality of life, allows preventive care and is an ideal means of providing psychosocial support to the elderly

Revisión Preliminar de la Literatura sobre la Capacidad de Carga en Playas del Pacifico y Caribe Colombiano: Preliminary Review of the Literature on Carrying Capacity in Colombian Pacific and Caribbean Beaches

In this preliminary review of the literature, we address the carrying capacity on the Colombian Pacific and Caribbean beaches, with the aim of answering the following question: What does the scientific literature available in the databases say about the carrying capacity in Caribbean and Pacific beaches of Colombia? To achieve this, an exhaustive literature review was carried out using the Google Scholar database, the search strategy focused on: (“Ecological Load Capacity for Tourists in Colombian Beaches”). A total of 11 selected manuscripts that were linked to the Colombian Pacific and Caribbean beaches were studied and used the estimation of carrying capacity in their studies. However, 978 documents were highlighted as they were not related to said beaches and did not address the estimation of carrying capacity. Two types of tourism present on the beaches stand out: sun and sand and ecological tourism. Regarding the methods to evaluate load capacity, it was found that the most used are physical, real and effective approaches. Unfortunately, there is concern about the shortage of jobs related to the carrying capacity in the specific area of ​​the beaches in the Pacific and Caribbean of Colombia. It is inferred that the lack of study shows the panorama on the lack of sustainable management of tourism in the area. Therefore, it is necessary that future studies address this issue to better understand the impact of tourism on beaches and develop appropriate strategies for their management and preservation.En esta revisión preliminar de la literatura, abordamos la capacidad de carga en las playas del pacífico y el Caribe colombiano, con el objetivo de responder al siguiente interrogante: ¿Qué dice la literatura científica disponible en las bases de datos sobre la capacidad de carga en Playas del Caribe y el Pacifico de Colombia? Para lograrlo se realizó una exhaustiva revisión de literatura utilizando la base de datos de Google académico, la estrategia de búsqueda se centró: (“Capacidad de Carga Ecológica para Turistas en Playas de Colombia”). Se estudiaron un total de 11 manuscritos seleccionados que estaban vinculados con las playas del pacífico y Caribe colombiano y utilizaron la estimación de capacidad de carga en sus estudios. Sin embargo, se destacaron 978 documentos ya que no estaban relacionados con dichas playas y no abordaban la estimación de capacidad de carga. Se destacan 2 tipos de turismo presentes en las playas: el de sol y playa y el ecológico. En cuanto a los métodos para evaluar capacidad de carga se encontró que los más empleados son enfoques físicos, real y efectivo. Lamentablemente, se revela una preocupación por la escasez de trabajos relacionados con la capacidad de carga en el área específica de las playas en el Pacifico y caribe de Colombia. Se infiere que la falta de estudio muestra el panorama sobre la falta de gestión sostenible del turismo en la zona. Por lo tanto, es necesarios que futuros estudios aborden esta cuestión para comprender mejor el impacto del turismo en las playas y desarrollen estrategias adecuadas para su manejo y preservación

SISTEMA DE MONITOREO Y CONTROL PARA INVERNADERO USANDO LA UNIDAD DE ADQUISICION DE DATOS AGILET 34970A E INTERFAZ EN LABVIEW (GREENHOUSE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM USING THE AGILET 34970A DATA ACQUISITION UNIT AND LABVIEW INTERFACE)

El presente trabajo describe la construcción y diseño de un sistema de monitoreo y control climático semi-automatizado para un invernadero de pequeña escala, utilizando sensores y actuadores colocados estratégicamente dentro y fuera del invernadero para monitorear y regular las variables ambientales de temperatura, luminosidad, humedad, concentración de monóxido de carbono y ventilación natural. Los sensores y actuadores se enlazan a un instrumento virtual de LabVIEW mediante la unidad de adquisición de datos Agilent 34970A, en donde el usuario podrá observar de manera gráfica el clima dentro del invernadero y tomar acciones sobre este. Los actuadores son gobernados por esquemas de control de dos posiciones y de proporcional-integral-derivativo (PID). La comunicación entre la tarjeta de adquisición de datos y el instrumento virtual de LabVIEW se lleva a cabo mediante el protocolo de comunicación GPIB.Palabras Claves: Invernadero, control, P.I.D;  Sensores.AbstractThis paper describes the construction and design of a semi-automated climate monitoring and control system for a small-scale greenhouse, using sensors and actuators strategically placed inside and outside the greenhouse to monitor and regulate the environmental variables of temperature, luminosity, humidity , carbon monoxide concentration and natural ventilation. The sensors and actuators are linked to a virtual LabVIEW instrument through the Agilent 34970A data acquisition unit, where the user can graphically observe the climate inside the greenhouse and take action on it. The actuators are governed by control schemes of two positions and proportional-integral-derivative (PID). The communication between the data acquisition card and the LabVIEW virtual instrument is carried out using the GPIB communication protocol.Keywords:  Invernadero, Matlab- Simulink, P.I.D;  Ziegler Nichols.