^25Mg NMR study of the MgB_2 superconductor

^25Mg NMR spectra and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time, T_1, have been measured in polycrystalline ^25MgB_2 with a superconducting transition temperature T_c = 39.0 K in zero magnetic field. From the first order and second order quadrupole perturbed NMR spectrum a quadrupole coupling frequency nu_Q = 222(1.5) kHz is obtained. T_1T = 1090(50) sK and Knight shift K_c = 242(4) ppm are temperature independent in the normal conducting phase. The ^25Mg Korringa ratio equals to 0.95 which is very close to the ideal value of unity for s-electrons. The comparison of the experimental nu_Q, T_1T, and K_c with the corresponding values obtained by LDA calculations shows an excellent agreement for all three quantities.Comment: 4 pages including 4 eps-figures, revtex

Microcontroller Based Soil Parameter Monitoring For Automatic Irrigation System

Agriculture field plays vital role in Indian economy. Major part of country is dependent on agriculture for their income.The food requirement of all countries are fulfilled by farmers. But now a days farmers are facing number of problems such as drought situation, seasonal plant diseases, lack of knowledge of pesticides etc. Because of this reasons farmers are not able to get enough product from agriculture field. Presently big problem faced by farmers is lack of water for agriculture. On the other hand the availability of water in different regions of the country is different. To solve this water problem we need to study the soil condition along with water availability.The soil parameters like moisture, temperature, pH etc helps in understanding the soil condition. This project works helps by monitoring soil parameters for automatic irrigation system to provide adequate amount of water to the crops

Plant community responses to interactive anthropogenic disturbances along a natural-wildland-urban gradient and undergraduate students’ attitudes toward disturbances

Anthropogenic disturbances are defined as any change caused by human activity that alters biodiversity. Wildfire and urbanization disturbances are among the most influential on the landscape because of their individual and interactive properties. Areas deemed wildland-urban interfaces (WUI; area where environment intermingles with human-built structures) are increasing near protected lands because of human population growth and movement, which often facilitates fire ignitions by humans. Houses that are adjacent to or overlap with wildland vegetation can complicate protection of urban development and wildlands from fires. The expansion of the WUI due to population growth will exacerbate fire risk, which can ultimately cause shifts in plant community composition and diversity in densely populated regions like the eastern United States (U.S.). A fire that began in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), Tennessee, U.S. in November 2016 and quickly spread to the neighboring town of Gatlinburg, Tennessee, created a natural experiment to investigate the interaction of fire and urbanization disturbances along the WUI and within the GSMNP. To assess the impacts of wildfire and urbanization, consideration must be given to the direct impacts from human activities and the indirect consequences of human views toward such disturbances. Research has focused on understanding differing views and attitudes toward climate change, yet few studies have been conducted with a college-aged demographic to understand attitudes toward combined anthropogenic disturbances at a local scale. Throughout my dissertation work, I investigated how the combined and individual effects of wildfire and urbanization affect both plant diversity and undergraduate students’ attitudes. I provide evidence that: 1) the compounded disturbances of wildfire and urbanization are affecting plant community composition and diversity through time following the Chimney Tops 2 fire and 2) following a classroom intervention, undergraduate beliefs towards the deleterious effects of wildfire and urbanization on the environment increase, thus also increasing their intention to act. Results from this dissertation will be useful in assessing general human impact on plant diversity in the southern Appalachian region, informing policy decisions at the regional level, and understanding how people feel toward anthropogenic disturbances in a region experiencing an increase in interacting disturbance events

Fuzzy Based Vertical Handoff Decision Controller for Future Networks

— In Next generation wireless Networks, the received signals (RSS) from different networks do not have a same meaning since each network is composed of its specific characteristics and there is no common pilot signal. Then, RSS comparisons are insufficient for handoff decision and may be inefficient and impractical. A more complex decision criterion that combines a large number of parameters or factors such as monetary cost, bandwidth, and power consumption and user profile is necessary. Though there are a lot works available for vertical handoff decision (VHD) for wireless networks, the selection of best network is still challenging problem. In this paper we propose a Fuzzy based vertical handoff decision controller (FVHDC) Which performs handover decision based on the output of fuzzy based rules

An Extensive Proposal for Vertical Handoff Technique in WLAN

Vertical handoff is the one of the most powerful hidden weapon of the wireless network scenario. As the whole world of digital electronics is moving towards internet of things as result of this vertical handoff becomes a much needed seamless connectivity tool to enhance the paradigm. Now a days many of the digital electronic devices are been inventing to boost the smaller networks like in office, universities and companies. So an inverse arise of need for vertical handoff in the WLAN is on much priority like never before. Many of the systems are existed to provide vertical handoff without degrading or interrupting the data access facility in WLAN. In most of the vertical handoff mechanism the load is put on the mobile nodes to look over the data flow mechanism in the established WLAN. This may add some contribution to increase the delay in the delivery of the data in the established network. So as an efficient answer to this, this paper put forwards an idea of vertical handoff mechanism using the pool manger in the network and put the burden on the mangers to take care of the handoff process, so that the data delivery rate can be increased. This process is designed based on the tile (i.e. time) in the said pool (pool tile vertical handoff – PTVHO) which is catalyzed by fuzzy logic to measure the handoff parameters efficiently