Cadmium levels of edible offal from Saanen goat male kids

Concentration of cadmium was investigated in the heart, tongue, lungs, spleen, liver, kidney, testis, brain and thymus of 15 Saanen goat male kids. This element was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), after microwave digestion. The cadmium concentration was significantly influenced by the type of edible offal. Mean cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.018 mg/kg (heart) to 0.114 mg/kg (kidney). The maximum cadmium concentrations found in the kidney (0.133 mg/kg) and liver (0.075 mg/kg) were below maximum levels (1.0 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively) set by legislation for these tissues

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The influence of the size and management of the dairy farm on the indicators of quality and safety of raw milk in the Osijek-Baranja County

Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti podatke o količinama i kvaliteti mlijeka u Osječkobaranjskoj županiji u razdoblju od 2018. godine do 2022. godine i utvrditi postoji li razlika kemijskih pokazatelja i pokazatelja sigurnosti glede količinskih razreda. Istraživanje je provedeno prikupljanjem i obradom arhivskih i javno dostupnih podataka HAPIH-a. Izvršena je i analiza navedenih pokazatelja na farmama na kojima se provodi robotizirana mužnja. Statistička obrada podataka i njihova usporedba izvršena je student t-testom i ANOVA statističkim metodama u Microsoft Office Excelu (Microsoft, 2016, SAD). Analizom podataka utvrđene su značajne razlike u postotku udjela mliječne masti u mlijeku, broju somatskih stanica, te ukupnom broju mikroorganizama među različitim kategorijama farmi, te samim time da veličina farme utječe na kvalitetu i sigurnost mlijeka.The aim of this study was to investigate data on quantities and quality of milk in the Osijek-Baranja County from 2018 to 2022, and to determine whether there are differences in chemical indicators and safety indicators regarding quantity classes. The research was conducted by collecting and analyzing archival and publicly available data from the Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food (HAPIH). An analysis of these indicators was also carried out on farms where robotic milking is implemented. Statistical data processing and comparison were performed using the student t-test and ANOVA statistical methods in Microsoft Office Excel (Microsoft, 2016, USA). Data analysis revealed significant differences in the percentage of the content of milk fat, the somatic cells count, and the total number of microorganisms among different categories of farms, and therefore that the size of the farm affects the quality and safety of milk

The influence of the size and management of the dairy farm on the indicators of quality and safety of raw milk in the Osijek-Baranja County

Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti podatke o količinama i kvaliteti mlijeka u Osječkobaranjskoj županiji u razdoblju od 2018. godine do 2022. godine i utvrditi postoji li razlika kemijskih pokazatelja i pokazatelja sigurnosti glede količinskih razreda. Istraživanje je provedeno prikupljanjem i obradom arhivskih i javno dostupnih podataka HAPIH-a. Izvršena je i analiza navedenih pokazatelja na farmama na kojima se provodi robotizirana mužnja. Statistička obrada podataka i njihova usporedba izvršena je student t-testom i ANOVA statističkim metodama u Microsoft Office Excelu (Microsoft, 2016, SAD). Analizom podataka utvrđene su značajne razlike u postotku udjela mliječne masti u mlijeku, broju somatskih stanica, te ukupnom broju mikroorganizama među različitim kategorijama farmi, te samim time da veličina farme utječe na kvalitetu i sigurnost mlijeka.The aim of this study was to investigate data on quantities and quality of milk in the Osijek-Baranja County from 2018 to 2022, and to determine whether there are differences in chemical indicators and safety indicators regarding quantity classes. The research was conducted by collecting and analyzing archival and publicly available data from the Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food (HAPIH). An analysis of these indicators was also carried out on farms where robotic milking is implemented. Statistical data processing and comparison were performed using the student t-test and ANOVA statistical methods in Microsoft Office Excel (Microsoft, 2016, USA). Data analysis revealed significant differences in the percentage of the content of milk fat, the somatic cells count, and the total number of microorganisms among different categories of farms, and therefore that the size of the farm affects the quality and safety of milk

Management of Pediatric Inguinal Hernias in the Era of Laparoscopy: Results of an International Survey

AimThe aim of the study is to present views of pediatric surgeons on the optimal approach to inguinal hernias in children. MethodsA questionnaire was submitted to participants of EUPSA-BAPS 2012 and it was returned by 187 responders (85% senior surgeons) from 46 (27 European) countries. Main ResultsApproximately 80% of the responders work in centers treating more than 100 cases/year. Approximately 79% of the responders routinely perform laparoscopy for other conditions, but of these, only 22% of the responders routinely perform laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Open approach is preferred by 83% of the responders. Of these, 79% of the responders favor unilateral approach, 12% of the responders contralateral, and 9% of the responders contralateral laparoscopic exploration via hernial sac. Considered advantages are the less risk of recurrence (66%), less abdominal organ injury (31%), less vas/vessel injury (25%), and speed (16%). Laparoscopic approach is preferred by 17% of the respondents, of whom 58% perform laparoscopy at all ages, 15% only in younger than 1-year-old infants. Approximately 81% of the responders offer laparoscopy to both sexes, and 17% only in girls. Only 15% would do laparoscopy after incarceration. Purse string is the most popular (58%), then laparoscopic-guided percutaneous closure (28%), flip-flap (6%), or other techniques (8%). Proficiency is achieved after 50 (14%), 25 (48%), 10 (32%), or 5 (6%) laparoscopic hernia repairs. Considered advantages are less metachronous contralateral hernias (57%), better cosmesis (41%), easier technique (34%), less vas/vessel injury (31%), and less postoperative pain (22%). A total of 50 responders are planning to start laparoscopic hernia repairs. ConclusionsMost pediatric surgeons favor open unilateral inguinal hernia repair. The role of laparoscopy in inguinal hernias is still controversial and yet to be accepted even amongst pediatric surgeons expert in laparoscopy