The Study of Logistic Conception of Distribution Stock

Tato diplomová práce „Studie logistické koncepce distribučního skladu“ se zabývá komplexním fungováním distribučního skladu na všech jeho úrovních, s cílem navrhnout efektivní postupy při komunikaci se zákazníkem a dodavateli. Na základě analýzy aktuálního stavu se snaží identifikovat základní nedostatky a nalézt vhodné postupy při jejich řešení. První kapitola této práce je teoretická. Vysvětluje základní principy logistiky jakožto jednoho z elementárních prvků každé organizace. Ve druhé kapitole je představena společnost Arcelor Distribuce CZ, z pohledu jednotlivých pracovišť. Třetí kapitola se věnuje risk managementu, co by teorii identifikace a hodnocení skutečných či potencionálních rizik hrozících ve společnosti. Nejobsáhlejší čtvrtá kapitola definuje konkrétní problémy, se kterými se společnost potýká, a které stojí v cestě přirozeného růstu společnosti. Dále jsou zde představeny kroky směřující k řešení těchto problémů. Tato práce si dává za cíl identifikovat a navrhnout řešení hlavních problémů především v oblasti komunikace, které brání přirozenému vývoji společnosti.This master thesis “The Study of Logistic Conception of Distribution Stock” deals with global operation of distribution stock in its entire levels with target to design efficient communication methods with costumer and suppliers. Based on analyses of actual situation it effort to identify general poverties and find proper methods of it’s solution. First chapter is based on theoretical part. It explains basic logistical principals as one of the elements of each organization. Second chapter introduces Arcelor Distribuce CZ Company from work place way of look. Third chapter is dedicated to risk management as a theory of identification and evaluation actual or potential risks company may treat with. Fourth chapter the largest one defines particular issues company has to deal with and issues which block company’s way of growth. Further there are introduced steps heading to solve these problems. This thesis sets a target to identify and design solutions of main problems in communication in the first place, which block company’s natural evolution.

High-energy-resolution grazing emission X-ray fluorescence applied to the characterization of thin Al films on Si

The grazing emission X-ray fluorescence (GEXRF) technique was applied to the analysis of different Al films, with nominal thicknesses in the range of 1 nm to 150 nm, on Si wafers. In GEXRF the sample volume from which the fluorescence intensity is detected is restricted to a near-surface region whose thickness can be tuned by varying the observation angle. This is possible because of the refraction of the fluorescence X-rays and the quite long emission paths within the probed sample. By recording the X-ray fluorescence signal for different shallow emission angles, defined relatively to the flat, smooth sample surface, the deposited Al surface layers of the different samples could be well characterized in terms of layer thickness, layer density, oxidation and surface roughness. The advantages offered by synchrotron radiation and the employed wavelength-dispersive detection setup were profited from. The GEXRF results retrieved were confirmed by complementary measurements. The experimental setup, the principles and advantages of GEXRF and the analysis of the recorded angular intensity profiles will be discussed in details

Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range

Camera-trapping and capture-recapture models are the most widely used tools for estimating densities of wild felids that have unique coat patterns, such as Eurasian lynx. However, studies dealing with this species are predominantly on a short-term basis and our knowledge of temporal trends and population persistence is still scarce. By using systematic camera-trapping and spatial capture-recapture models, we estimated lynx densities and evaluated density fluctuations, apparent survival, transition rate and individual's turnover during five consecutive seasons at three different sites situated in the Czech-Slovak-Polish borderland at the periphery of the Western Carpathians. Our density estimates vary between 0.26 and 1.85 lynx/100 km2 suitable habitat and represent the lowest and the highest lynx densities reported from the Carpathians. We recorded 1.5-4.1-fold changes in asynchronous fluctuated densities among all study sites and seasons. Furthermore, we detected high individual's turnover (on average 46.3 +- 8.06% in all independent lynx and 37.6 +- 4.22% in adults) as well as low persistence of adults (only 3 out of 29 individuals detected in all seasons). The overall apparent survival rate was 0.63 +- 0.055 and overall transition rate between sites was 0.03 +- 0.019. Transition rate of males was significantly higher than in females, suggesting male-biased dispersal and female philopatry. Fluctuating densities and high turnover rates, in combination with documented lynx mortality, indicate that the population in our region faces several human-induced mortalities, such as poaching or lynx-vehicle collisions. These factors might restrict population growth and limit the dispersion of lynx to other subsequent areas, thus undermining the favourable conservation status of the Carpathian population. Moreover, our study demonstrates that long-term camera-trapping surveys are needed for evaluation of population trends and for reliable estimates of demographic parameters of wild territorial felids, and can be further used for establishing successful management and conservation measures.Postprin

Grazing angle X-ray fluorescence from periodic structures on silicon and silica surfaces

Various 3-dimensional nano-scaled periodic structures with different configurations and periods deposited on the surface of silicon and silica substrates were investigated by means of the grazing incidence and grazing emission X-ray fluorescence techniques. Apart from the characteristics which are typical for particle- and layer-like samples, the measured angular intensity profiles show additional periodicity-related features. The latter could be explained by a novel theoretical approach based on simple geometrical optics (GO) considerations. The new GO-based calculations were found to yield results in good agreement with experiment, also in cases where other theoretical approaches are not valid, e.g., periodic particle distributions with an increased surface coverage

A DuMond-type crystal spectrometer for synchrotron-based X-ray emission studies in the energy range of 15–26 keV

The design and performance of a high-resolution transmission-type X-ray spectrometer for use in the 15–26 keV energy range at synchrotron light sources is reported. Monte Carlo X-ray-tracing simulations were performed to optimize the performance of the transmission-type spectrometer, based on the DuMond geometry, for use at the Super X-ray absorption beamline of the Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institute. This spectrometer provides an instrumental energy resolution of 3.5 eV for X-ray emission lines around 16 keV and 12.5 eV for emission lines at 26 keV, which is comparable to the natural linewidths of the K and L X-ray transitions in the covered energy range. First experimental data are presented and compared with results of the Monte Carlo X-ray simulations

Prerequisites for coexistence: human pressure and refuge habitat availability shape continental‑scale habitat use patterns of a large carnivore

Context Adjustments in habitat use by large carnivores can be a key factor facilitating their coexistence with people in shared landscapes. Landscape composition might be a key factor determining how large carnivores can adapt to occurring alongside humans, yet broad-scale analyses investigating adjustments of habitat use across large gradients of human pressure and landscape composition are lacking. Objectives Here, we investigate adjustments in habitat use by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in response to varying availability of refuge habitats (i.e., forests and rugged terrain) and human landscape modifcation. Methods Using a large tracking dataset including 434 individuals from seven populations, we assess functional responses in lynx habitat use across two spatial scales, testing for variation by sex, daytime, and season. Results We found that lynx use refuge habitats more intensively with increasing landscape modifcation across spatial scales, selecting forests most strongly in otherwise open landscapes and rugged terrain in mountainous regions. Moreover, higher forest availability enabled lynx to place their home ranges in more human-modifed landscapes. Human pressure and refuge habitat availability also shaped temporal patterns of lynx habitat use, with lynx increasing refuge habitat use and reducing their use of human-modifed areas during periods of high exposure (daytime) or high vulnerability (postnatal period) to human pressure. Conclusions Our fndings suggest a remarkable adaptive capacity of lynx towards human pressure and underline the importance of refuge habitats across scales for enabling coexistence between large carnivores and people. More broadly, we highlight that the composition of landscapes determines how large carnivores can adapt to human pressure and thus play an important role shaping large carnivore habitat use and distributions.publishedVersio

Integrating animal tracking datasets at a continental scale for mapping Eurasian lynx habitat

Aim: The increasing availability of animal tracking datasets collected across many sites provides new opportunities to move beyond local assessments to enable de-tailed and consistent habitat mapping at biogeographical scales. However, integrating wildlife datasets across large areas and study sites is challenging, as species' varying responses to different environmental contexts must be reconciled. Here, we compare approaches for large-area habitat mapping and assess available habitat for a recolo-nizing large carnivore, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx).Location: Europe.Methods: We use a continental-scale animal tracking database (450 individuals from 14 study sites) to systematically assess modelling approaches, comparing (1) global strategies that pool all data for training versus building local, site-specific models and combining them, (2) different approaches for incorporating regional variation in habi-tat selection and (3) different modelling algorithms, testing nonlinear mixed effects models as well as machine-learning algorithms.Results: Testing models on training sites and simulating model transfers, global and local modelling strategies achieved overall similar predictive performance. Model performance was the highest using flexible machine-learning algorithms and when incorporating variation in habitat selection as a function of environmental variation. Our best-performing model used a weighted combination of local, site-specific habi-tat models. Our habitat maps identified large areas of suitable, but currently unoccu-pied lynx habitat, with many of the most suitable unoccupied areas located in regions that could foster connectivity between currently isolated populations.Main Conclusions: We demonstrate that global and local modelling strategies can achieve robust habitat models at the continental scale and that considering regional variation in habitat selection improves broad-scale habitat mapping. More generally, we highlight the promise of large wildlife tracking databases for large-area habitat mapping. Our maps provide the first high-resolution, yet continental assessment of lynx habitat across Europe, providing a consistent basis for conservation planning for restoring the species within its former range.publishedVersio

Optical lattice for tripod-like atomic level structure

Standard optical potentials use off-resonant laser standing wave induced AC-Stark shift. In a recent development [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 117}, 233001 (2016)] a three-level scheme in $\Lambda$ configuration coupled coherently by resonant laser fields was introduced leading to an effective lattice with subwavelength potential peaks. Here as an extension of that work to a four level atomic setup in the tripod configuration is used to create spin $1/2$-like two-dimensional dark-space with 1D motion and the presence of external gauge fields. Most interestingly for a possible application, the lifetime for a dark subspace motion is up to two orders of magnitude larger than for a similar $\Lambda$ system. The model is quite flexible leading to lattices with significant nearest, next-nearest, or next-next-nearest hopping rates, $J_1,J_2,J_3$ opening up new intriguing possibilities to study, e.g. frustrated systems. The characteristic Wannier functions lead also to new type of inter-site interactions not realizable in typical optical lattices.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, version accepted for publicatio

Corruption in China during reforms: causes, consequences and anti-corruption policy.

Praca poświęcona została zjawisku korupcji w Chinach w okresie reform. Traktowała o jej przyczynach, skutkach i polityce antykorupcyjnej rządu Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej. Korupcja stała się ważną kwestią społeczną i polityczną od 1978 r., kiedy władze w Pekinie zaczęły realizować politykę reform i otwarcia na świat. Celem pracy było przedstawienie zjawiska korupcji oraz jego zakresu, form i cech właściwych dla Chin w dobie inicjowanych od końca lat 70. reform. Analiza skupiała się na wyjaśnieniu przyczyn i skutków korupcji jak również ocenie działań zwalczających ten proceder podejmowanych przez władze centralne w Chinach.This paper was devoted to corruption in China during the reform period. It described the causes, effects and anti-corruption policy of the government of the People's Republic of China. Corruption has become an important social and political issue since 1978, when the Beijing government began to implement reform and opening policies. The purpose of the paper was to present the phenomenon of corruption and its scope, forms and characteristics, specific to China in the era of reform initiated since the late 1970s. The analysis focused on explaining the causes and effects of corruption as well as assessing the actions taken by China's central government to counteract this procedure

Ergodicity breaking with long-range cavity-induced quasiperiodic interactions

Many-body localization (MBL) behavior is analyzed in an extended Bose-Hubbard model with quasiperiodic infinite-range interactions. No additional disorder is assumed. The analysis of the level statistics and of the eigenstates' entanglement entropy shows that a significant fraction of eigenstates becomes localized as the strength of the global interactions is increased. This behavior scales differently depending on the choice of the thermodynamic limit. The system is asymptotically ergodic by scaling the interaction strength so as to keep the energy extensive. On the other hand, the MBL regime seems to be stable if one allows for a superextensive scaling of the energy. We argue that our findings can be experimentally verified in many-body cavity quantum electrodynamics setups by means of the so-called quench spectroscopy. The latter can allow one, amongst others, to reveal the presence of a mobility edge