Free and bound amino acids, minerals and trace elements in matcha (Camellia sinensis L.): A nutritional evaluation

This study provides an overview of free and bound amino acids, minerals and trace elements content in matcha including evaluation of their dietary intakes. The analyses employed IEC and ICP-MS methods. Theanine followed by Glu, GABA, Thr and Me were the most abundant free amino acids. Considering bound amino acids, Glu, Asp, Leu, Lys, Arg and Val were the most frequent. The amino acid score (AAS) for matcha (40.2 %) is comparable to the AAS for wheat and sunflower proteins. Ile and Thr were evaluated as limiting amino acids. Regarding recommended daily allowance (RDA), the contributions of Cys and Met were up to 8%. Matcha is contributor to Adequate Intake (AI) or RDA for males in the following order: Mn (up to 15 %) > Cu > Fe (up to 7%). Similarly, for females, matcha contributes to RDA or AI values in this order: Mn (up to 19 %) > Cu > Zn (up to 5%). It has not been proved that matcha is a significant source of Se and Cr. A daily serving portion of 5 g does not contribute to PTWI (Provisional tolerable weekly intake) and PTMI (Provisional tolerable monthly intake) for Al, Sn, Cd and Hg. © 2020 Elsevier Inc

Auxin metabolite profiling in isolated and intact plant nuclei

The plant nucleus plays an irreplaceable role in cellular control and regulation by auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) mainly because canonical auxin signaling takes place here. Auxin can enter the nucleus from either the endoplasmic reticulum or cytosol. Therefore, new information about the auxin metabolome (auxinome) in the nucleus can illuminate our understanding of subcellular auxin homeostasis. Different methods of nuclear isolation from various plant tissues have been described previously, but information about auxin metabolite levels in nuclei is still fragmented and insufficient. Herein, we tested several published nucleus isolation protocols based on differential centrifugation or flow cytometry. The optimized sorting protocol leading to promising yield, intactness, and purity was then combined with an ultra-sensitive mass spectrometry analysis. Using this approach, we can present the first complex report on the auxinome of isolated nuclei from cell cultures of Arabidopsis and tobacco. Moreover, our results show dynamic changes in auxin homeostasis at the intranuclear level after treatment of protoplasts with free IAA, or indole as a precursor of auxin biosynthesis. Finally, we can conclude that the methodological procedure combining flow cytometry and mass spectrometry offers new horizons for the study of auxin homeostasis at the subcellular level

Song as an encounter

Práce se věnuje specifickému pojetí scénické hudby v pouličním divadle. V první části se autorka zaměřuje na zkušenosti, které ovlivnily její autorskou tvorbu v tomto oboru. Popisuje psychosomatické pojetí hlasové výchovy, které studovala na Katedře autorské tvorby a pedagogiky DAMU, a proces skládání hudby. V druhé části uvádí čtyři inscenace komunitního divadla ve Velké Lhotě, na nichž se podílela jako herečka, autorka hudby a její interpret. Věnuje se jejich hudebnímu plánu, nebo dílčím tématům (prézentnost hudby, tělovost zpívání, píseň v situaci atd.). Oživování místní lidové písně považuje za způsob obnovy paměti vesnice. Divadelní pouť ve východním Turecku ji přiměla rozumět divadlu jako jedinečné, nesamozřejmé události, která má potenciál sdílení. Píseň a hudbu v inscenaci chápe jako způsob komunikace, jenž umožňuje setkání s druhými lidmi

The Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Matcha Tea (Camellia sinensis) Active Components and Antioxidant Activity

This study investigates the effects of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant activity and release of phenolics, xanthine alkaloids, and L-theanine contents of matcha. It establishes digestibility values between 61.2–65.8%. Considering native matcha, the rutin content (303–479 µg/g) reached higher values than catechin (10.2–23.1 µg/g). Chlorogenic acid (2090–2460 µg/g) was determined as predominant. Rutin, quercetin, ferulic, ellagic, and caffeic acid were the least-released phenolics, and their remaining residues reached 76–84%. Protocatechuic, hydroxybenzoic acid, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate were the best-released phenolics, with the remaining residues under 1%. Caffeine, L-theanine, and theobromine contents in native matcha reached 16.1, 9.85, and 0.27 mg/g, respectively. Only caffeine (3.66–5.26 mg/g) and L-theanine (0.09–0.15 mg/g) were monitored in the undigested residue, representing 13 and 0.1% of the remaining part, respectively. A chemiluminescence assay showed that water-soluble antioxidants showed significant antioxidant activity in native matcha, while lipid-soluble compounds showed higher antioxidant activity in the undigested samples. Cinnamic and neochlorogenic acids were determined as the main contributors to the ACW values in the undigested matcha, epicatechin, and quercetin in the ACL fraction. The application of the digestion process reduced the antioxidant activity by more than 94%. SEM has proved specific digestion patterns of in vitro digestibility of matcha

The effect of in vitro digestion on matcha tea (camellia sinensis) active components and antioxidant activity

This study investigates the effects of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant activity and release of phenolics, xanthine alkaloids, and L-theanine contents of matcha. It establishes digestibility values between 61.2-65.8%. Considering native matcha, the rutin content (303-479 mu g/g) reached higher values than catechin (10.2-23.1 mu g/g). Chlorogenic acid (2090-2460 mu g/g) was determined as predominant. Rutin, quercetin, ferulic, ellagic, and caffeic acid were the least-released phenolics, and their remaining residues reached 76-84%. Protocatechuic, hydroxybenzoic acid, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate were the best-released phenolics, with the remaining residues under 1%. Caffeine, L-theanine, and theobromine contents in native matcha reached 16.1, 9.85, and 0.27 mg/g, respectively. Only caffeine (3.66-5.26 mg/g) and L-theanine (0.09-0.15 mg/g) were monitored in the undigested residue, representing 13 and 0.1% of the remaining part, respectively. A chemiluminescence assay showed that water-soluble antioxidants showed significant antioxidant activity in native matcha, while lipid-soluble compounds showed higher antioxidant activity in the undigested samples. Cinnamic and neochlorogenic acids were determined as the main contributors to the ACW values in the undigested matcha, epicatechin, and quercetin in the ACL fraction. The application of the digestion process reduced the antioxidant activity by more than 94%. SEM has proved specific digestion patterns of in vitro digestibility of matcha.Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně: IGA/FT/2020/010Tomas Bata University in Zlin [IGA/FT/2020/010

Genome Sequences of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus spa Type t899 Strains Belonging to Three Different Sequence Types (ST398, ST9, and ST4034).

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an emerging MRSA lineage rapidly evolving in the community. In this report, we present the draft genome sequences of nine LA-MRSA strains. These strains were isolated from meat and a human nasal swab sample and belong to one unique type (t899), but to three different sequence types, ST398, ST9, and ST4034.</p

Occurrence of Biogenic Amines in Wines from the Central European Region (Zone B) and Evaluation of Their Safety

The decarboxylation of the corresponding amino acids by microorganisms leads to the formation of biogenic amines (BAs). From a toxicological point of view, BAs can cause undesirable physiological effects in sensitive individuals, particularly if their metabolism is blocked or genetically altered. The current study aimed to monitor and evaluate the content of eight biogenic amines (BAs) in 232 samples of wines (white, rosé, red) produced in the Central European region (Zone B). White wines (180 samples), rosé wines (17 samples), and red wines (35 samples) were analyzed. High-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a ultraviolet–visible diode array detector (UV/VIS DAD) was applied to identify and quantify the BAs present in wines. In general, histamine (HIS), tyramine (TYM), putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), phenylethylamine (PEA), spermine (SPN) and spermidine (SPD) were detected in all tested wine samples. Tryptamine (TRM) was not present in any of the samples examined. In white and red wines, SPD, TYM, and PUT were most often detected. Regarding rosé wines, the three major BAs were SPN, TYM, and CAD. The BA content in red wines was generally higher than in rosé and white wines. However, HIS concentrations above the recommended limit of 10 mg/L were detected in 9% of the red wine samples. In addition, alarming levels of PUT, HIS, TYM, and PEA, with serious potential impact on consumer health, were recorded in two red wine samples. On the whole, the presence and concentrations of BAs in wine should be constantly evaluated, primarily because alcohol intensifies the hazardous effects of BAs