Esophageal ph monitoring study of eight hours in pediatric patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux

PURPOSE: To study the pH monitoring over eight hours, analyzing variables such symptomatology and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, as well as the following pH monitoring parameters: number of reflux episodes, number of episodes longer than five minutes, length of reflux time during the eight hours, and the episode of longest duration, for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. METHODS: A prospective study. Continuous measurement of esophageal pH was performed over eight hours on 35 patients whose ages ranged from four months to 11 years. The DPS-100 Diagnosis pH meter System was utilized, programmed in accordance with the methodology suggested by Vandenplas. The pH monitoring results were divided into positive and negative and compared with all the variables and parameters of the examination. RESULTS: We obtained statistically significant differences in all the pH monitoring parameters analyzed, with the reflux index being the most effective for identifying the pathological reflux, independent of age. None of the qualitative variables of age, symptomatology and esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed statistically significant differences when compared to the pH monitoring results. CONCLUSION: The esophageal pH monitoring of eight hours has its pH monitoring parameters validated for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux.OBJETIVO: Estudar a pHmetria em oito horas, analisando variáveis como a idade, sintomatologia e esôfago-estômago-duodenografia, além dos seguintes parâmetros pHmétricos: número de episódios de refluxo, número de episódios maiores de cinco minutos, tempo de refluxo nas oito horas e episódio de maior duração, para o diagnóstico do refluxo gastroesofágico. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo realizado com a medição contínua do pH esofágico em oito horas em 35 pacientes, de quatro meses a 11 anos de idade. Foi utilizado aparelho de pHmetria DPS-100 Diagnosis pHmeter System com programa de acordo com a metodologia sugerida por Vandenplas e comparados com todas as variáveis e parâmetros do exame. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos diferença estatisticamente significante em todos os parâmetros pHmétricos analisados, com o índice de refluxo sendo o mais efetivo para identificar o refluxo patológico, independente da idade. Todas as variáveis qualitativas, idade, sintomatologia e esôfago-estômago-duodenografia, não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando relacionados aos resultados da pHmetria. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que a pHmetria esofágica de oito horas tem seus parâmetros pHmétricos válidos para o diagnóstico do refluxo gastroesofágico.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) EPM Departamento de CirurgiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de CirurgiaSciEL

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Modelo de mecanismo valvular anti-refluxo na esofagoplastia por tubo gastrico: estudo experimental em cadaveres

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Esofagogastroplastia na criança

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

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Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Pediat Surg, BR-04037003 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Pediat Surg, BR-04037003 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Cecal duplication causing a disappearing abdominal mass in an infant

Duplications of the alimentary tract are rare malformations. A case of a 2-year-old girl with an intestinal intussusception caused by a cystic duplication of the cecum is presented. This case report is justified by its clinical features and the difficult diagnosis, which was only confirmed during surgery. Ultrasonography had documented an abdominal mass that then disappeared and later reappeared, leading to surgical indication. During surgery, the intussusception within the abdomen was reduced, and right hemicolectomy was performed around the mass in the interior part of the cecum and appendix, with ileocolic anastomosis. On resecting the cecum, a cystic duplication measuring 4 x 3 cm was observed, with a granular mucous layer, an ulcerated hole in its interior, and inflammatory reaction. the patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pediat Surg Sect, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pediat Surg Sect, São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Variation of the Rex shunt for treating concurrent obstruction of the portal and superior mesenteric veins

Children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction can be managed successfully by surgical intervention and should be evaluated for potential meso-Rex bypass. A Rex shunt variation is described to treat portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. This technique uses the internal jugular vein as a conduit between the splenic vein and the left portal vein with splenic preservation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-04025002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-04025002 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc