ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE AMERICAN STATES

The American states routinely adopt various economic development policies but those policies do not always contribute to economic growth in the state. Scholars identify several reasons to explain why the policies do not always work. First, policies that do not address market demand; rather, provide economic incentives to bring inward industrial investments do not contribute to economic growth because the cost it takes to create jobs by such industrial recruitments is too high. Second, policies that are adopted out of inertia chosen from traditionally practiced policies do not work because they are not evaluated for their effectiveness in terms of meeting the current and future market demand. Third, policies that are adopted because neighboring or ideologically congruent states adopt them do not work because the appropriateness of a particular policy may not be the same in the pioneer and the follower states. These reasons imply that economic development policies that are not new enough to meet the current market demand, that are not helpful to promoting in-state entrepreneurship, that are designed to help out-of-state firms in extending their branch-plants, and that are inappropriate in terms of the home conditions can be ineffective for economic growth. I conduct empirical testing to examine these four expectations and the results suggest that innovative economic development policies, entrepreneurial policies, and policies that are congruent to the state’s industrial strength lead to economic growth, but policies that are meant for industrial recruitments lead to leakage from the state’s economy

A Critical Analysis of Censorship Law and Bangladeshi Film

Personally, I am one of the biggest fans of film from my very childhood.  Especially I am the audience of Bangladeshi film. When I first met with television at that time the film was telecasted in Bangladesh television in every 15 days. These 15 days seemed like a thousand years. Normally at that time Bangladesh television was telecasted the film of early 70’s and 80’s (it is called the golden time of Bangladeshi film). Sareng bou, jibon theke neya, father, golapi ekhon train e, ora egaro jon, vat de, shutorang, behula, nil akasher niche, abar tora manush ho type film made me the biggest fan of Bangladeshi film. But when I reached in class 8/9 the total scenario was changed radically. Vulgarity in film, cut peace etc made the nasty environment. Someone came from cinema hall was not expected from our society. Sometimes it indicated the less personality of him! I felt sorry for that. From that time we lost our film market rapidly. We transfer the responsibility of entertainment to the big shoulder of television. Specifically a 14” to 32” television captured our every taste of entertainment. Specifically Indian serial exploit us. Those who declared themselves as a smart and intellectual audience heavily relied on toliwood movies. Almost the same story of Kolkata movies grasps the cinema field of Bangladesh. Bangladeshi film lost its own journey. A lot of critics and Bangladeshi film lover think that the then censors board, its official’s o censorship laws are the main culprit for that situation. The main aim of this article is to identify the real fact behind it. To identify the responsibility of the officials of the censor board, the application of the law and the maturity of censorship law of Bangladeshi film. My desire is not really made some harsh criticism of our censorship law and Bangladeshi film, but to give some suggestion to change the present scenario of our beloved medium of entertainment. Keywords: Censorship law, Bangladeshi film, censor board, limitations

An Analysis of Factors Affecting on Online Shopping Behavior of Consumers

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affecting on online shopping behavior of consumers that might be one of the most important issues of e-commerce and marketing field. However, there is very limited knowledge about online consumer behavior because it is a complicated socio-technical phenomenon and involves too many factors. One of the objectives of this study is covering the shortcomings of previous studies that didn't examine main factors that influence on online shopping behavior. This goal has been followed by using a model examining the impact of perceived risks, infrastructural variables and return policy on attitude toward online shopping behavior and subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, domain specific innovativeness and attitude on online shopping behavior as the hypotheses of study. To investigate these hypotheses 200 questionnaires dispersed among online stores of Iran. Respondents to the questionnaire were consumers of online stores in Iran which randomly selected. Finally regression analysis was used on data in order to test hypothesizes of study. This study can be considered as an applied research from purpose perspective and descriptive-survey with regard to the nature and method (type of correlation). The study identified that financial risks and non-delivery risk negatively affected attitude toward online shopping. Results also indicated that domain specific innovativeness and subjective norms positively affect online shopping behavior. Furthermore, attitude toward online shopping positively affected online shopping behavior of consumers. Keywords: online shopping, shopping behavior, consumer attitudes, perceived risks, B2C, e-commerce

Dual Tobacco Use in a Random Sample of UK Resident Bangladeshi Men

PhDUK resident Bangladeshi men pose a public health challenge because of their preference for traditional tobacco use along side cigarette smoking. Studies investigating UK black and minority ethnic tobacco use have not had a primary focus on this issue. Furthermore, the extent and nature of dual tobacco use by Bangladeshi men had not been reliably established due to a reliance on self-report and a definitional confusion about paan with and without tobacco. This study aims to establish the prevalence of dual tobacco use by UK resident Bangladeshi men using a random survey design. It also plans to establish baseline information for dual tobacco use against the key determinants of a health inequality model. Psychosocial, health and nicotine related parameters of dual tobacco users are compared with cigarette only smokers and paan tobacco chewers. Risk factors for dual tobacco use have been explored through multivariate analysis. Three hundred and twenty-five men of Bangladeshi origin were randomly selected using the Tower Hamlets Electoral Register and interviewed at home using a pre piloted questionnaire incorporating items used in other relevant UK studies. Expired carbon monoxide readings were recorded using a Bedfont CO monitor. Dual tobacco was used by 22% of the sample, while 36% smoked cigarette only, 70/0 chewed paan tobacco only, and 350/0 did not use any form of tobacco. When dual tobacco users were compared with the cigarette smokers in bivariate analysis, there were significant differences in terms of self reported social class, age, education, employment, and heath status. A multivariate analysis controlling for age, education status, social class, self reported health and social capital scores showed tha1 only wife's tobacco use predicted dual tobacco use (OR=6.3). The findings from this study confirm the diversity and social nature of dual tobacco use by UK Bangladeshi men. These observations need to be considered and integrated into the development and implementation of tobacco cessation interventions for UK Bangladeshi adults in public health programs

Creating Opportunities to Developing Leadership in Private Sector Enterprises of Bangladesh-A Study in Airlines/ Shipping/Freight Forwarding Industry

Developing and nurturing leadership is become very popular concept now a days. Big corporation at least understand the hidden benefit of focusing into this very important agenda for long term sustainability of business. We have experienced that organizations is automatically moving even if there is sudden demise of the owner. It happens because of the system developed through creating, retaining and nurturing leadership to create successor within the organizations. Over the years, the mind set was isolated with one man show to run everything by one individual regrettable when the owner is the signatory of all bills and vouchers to strategic decisions. This point probably gets more focus when the employee also understands and realized the necessity of growth and advancement in professions. So the perception and reality is a win-win expectation arises behind the focus to creating leadership opportunities in organizations. This article exhibits the means and opportunities to creating, developing & nurturing leadership by private sector organizations in Bangladesh giving a particular focus in airlines, shipping lines & supply chain and freight forwarding logistics companies working in Bangladesh as international joint –venture and licensing agents. This also focused on the factors related with the Leadership development, the end benefit that organizations dreamt to attain from leadership development and suggestion to take more initiatives in particular attentions. The article has been designed through structures questionnaire from about 150 employees of midlevel, senior level, and executive level including human resources managers on the employee views on current practices. The hypothesis developed in four grades related to the study objective. There is group discussion and practical work experiences of the author with one of the largest supply chain and freight forwarding logistics company operating in 21 countries around the globe. The data has been presented in an understandable way of descriptive analysis through mean, mode and standard deviation so that it might be more meaningful to contribute the relevancy of the study. Keywords: Leadership, feedback, technique, airlines, shipping lines, freight forwardin

Comprehensive proteome and phosproteome analysis of human LRRK2 Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease

Gene mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson`s Disease (PD) and elevated levels of hLRRK2 mutant variants in Drosophila induces PD. Here, we introduced the human LRRK2 (R1441C) variant in dopaminergic neurons of flies and observed a reduced locomotor activity, an age dependent degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and shorter lifetime. To better understand the hLRRK2 (R1441C) induced pathobiology, we performed stable isotope labeling in fly to accurately quantify the proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics. We quantified almost 3000 proteins and found several regulated cytoskeletal, mitochondrial, and synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins in our PD fly model. To explore the hLRRK2 (R1441C) function more precisely, we compared our model to three different alpha-Synuclein overexpressing fly strains (WT,A30P, A53T), which show a similar PD phenotype. For example, synaptotagmin, syntaxin and rab3 were only affected in hLRRK2 (R1441C) flies compared to all other tested fly strains. Moreover, our global phosphoproteome analysis revealed several synaptic vesicle proteins with enhanced phosphorylation, including synaptojanin (pT1131) and the microtubule-associated protein futsch (pS4106). Consistently, a protein-protein interaction screen confirmed that hLRRK2 is tightly associated with synaptic vesicle proteins. Thus, our results provide a systemic view on the pathobiology mechanism caused by hLRRK and S overexpression and suggest that the increased kinase activity of the hLRRK2 (R1441C) mutant results in enhanced phosphorylation of synaptojanin. These findings may contribute to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent hLRRK2-induced Parkinson disease

Early Age Properties of Zeolite Cementitious Materials

The cement industry is recognized as being responsible for a large amount of CO2 emission during the production of portland cement. In order to minimize CO2 emissions by limiting the use of cement, natural pozzolans may be a sustainable solution for making concrete. One such natural pozzolan is alumina-silicate based clinoptilolite type of natural zeolite. It has three dimensional crystalline frame structures with extremely small pores having alkali and alkaline earth cations. In the present research, application of natural zeolite as a supplementary cementitious material for producing durable concrete has been investigated. In this respect, clinoptilolite zeolite with very high purity (97%) replaced portland cement at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% by mass. Setting time, workability, as well as heat of hydration of paste via isothermal calorimetry was conducted to assess the effects on early age properties. Research results revealed that replacement of zeolite increase the demand for water in the fresh mixture, although this situation can be overcome by adding low amount of high range water reducing admixture without any segregation. Research results also shown that zeolite accelerates the setting time due to the nucleation effect of C-S-H precipitation. Additionally, replacement of portland cement with zeolite can produce lower heat of hydration in the cementitious paste due to adsorption of water by its grain along with slow dissolution process of the fresh mixture. However, from practical point view, incorporation of 15% natural zeolite was found as an appropriate option for improving the early age properties

Domestic Violence against Women in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis from Social Legal Perspective

Violence is not a very unfamiliar scenario of a third world country like Bangladesh. Domestic violence is also very much familiar in this country. But very especially the main victims of this violence are women. Because of the socio-economic situation most of the women are helpless of this type of developing countries. Most of the people believe that only financial condition and lack of education are only liable for the domestic violence against the women. I strongly believe that this is one of the reason but not the only reason. A lot of rich and literate women are also victimized for this violence. So it will be really foolish work to say economic conditions or illiteracy is the main reasons for this violence.  The renowned teacher of Dhaka University named Rumana Manjur was also the victim of this violence. So it is easy to say that the mentality of our society is liable for this type of violence. The main purpose of this article is not make criticism for this but to identify the actual reasons behind this .To find out the laws about this crime and loopholes of the application of this. Keywords: Categories of violence, Constitutional rights, Protection, Legislation

Demutualization: Pros and Cons for Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE)

The purpose of this study is to examine the implications of demutualization for Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). And this is done by examining the existing literature for the stock exchanges that have already been demutualised. The result of the study indicates that all benefits that go with demutualization are not applicable for Bangladesh. Rather the benefits are contingent upon some factors unique to Bangladesh. So in the process of demutualization the authorities concerned should focus on those factors from which optimum benefits can be derived. However, demutualization is not without risk. So along with benefits risk should be focused on so that appropriate policy can be formed that will ensure successful implementation of demutualization. This study is important to investors, academics and policy makers as it demonstrates what benefits demutualization will bring and what challenges it will create. Since demutualization is a very new concept in Bangladesh, the study extends the literature by demonstrating its pros and cons in the context of Bangladesh. Key Words: Demutualization, Mutual Organization, Corporate Governance

THE INFLUENCE OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE IN MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

The aim of this study is to discuss the influence of William Shakespeare in Modern English Language and Literature. The findings of this paper are beneficial to the personnel involved in English language studies who are in charge of exploring the authentic knowledge of Shakespeare and to convey them towards modern society. The students of English, English learner, English researcher, English language researcher, English native or non-native speakers have profound attraction towards William Shakespeare. This is because Shakespeare is one of the best influential novelists and playwrights in the English language. Before Shakespearean time, the language of English was accurately not consistent. His writings significantly contributed to the standardization of English grammar, language, spelling, vocabulary and literature. Shakespeare included approximately 1700 unique words into the language many of them are still used in modern time. Shakespeare has deep influence on poetry and literature that has been lasted over centuries. He perfectly used blank verses those previously no one used, and it has become a standard in poetry. Due to having profound influence of Shakespearean language on the way we speak nowadays, studying the writings of Shakespeare is an essential part of cultural education and academic learning. It is not only a wonder but also a mystery that still now we use Shakespearean languages, patterns, melodies and schemes in modern writings. The influence of William Shakespeare has spread over in modern movies, dramas, Eastern and Western philosophies, English language and also in literature. Writings of Shakespeare have also influenced many world-famous novelists, playwrights and poets over the years. Shakespeare is the one of the most cited authors in the history of the English literature. Many of his quotes are used into everyday life in English and other languages. William Shakespeare is extensively considered as the greatest writers of all times in the history of language and literature among the world prominent playwright.  Article visualizations