Longitudinal profiles of Extensive Air Showers with inclusion of charm and bottom particles

Charm and bottom particles are rare in Extensive Air Showers but the effect of its presence can be radical in the development of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS). If such particles arise with a large fraction of the primary energy, they can reach large atmospheric depths, depositing its energy in deeper layers of the atmosphere. As a consequence, the EAS observables ($X_{max}$, $RMS$ and $N_{max}$) will be modified, as well as the shape of the longitudinal profile of the energy deposited in the atmosphere. In this paper, we will modify the CORSIKA Monte Carlo by the inclusion of charm and bottom production in the first interaction of the primary cosmic ray. Results for different selections of the typical $x_F$ values of the heavy particles and distinct production models will be presented.Comment: Replacement of tex file by the correct versio

Surgical management of cavernous malformation of the optic nerve with canalicular extension

Copyright: © 2014 Gonçalves MV.This is an open‑access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Background: Cavernous malformations arising in a single optic nerves paring the chiasm (intracranial prechiasmatic optic nerve) and expanding into the optic canal are extremely rare lesions. Published series or case reports regarding the surgical removal of these vascular malformations within this specific location are scarce. Case description: We present the first case to be published, of an intracranial optic nerve cavernous malformation with a contiguous canalicular component that was totally and successfully removed through a microsurgical pterional approach with excellent clinical outcome. Conclusion: This pathology should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of optic neuropathy and visual loss. Early detection and surgical proposal are mandatory, warranting the prevention of permanent damage to visual pathways. Radical resection is challenging, but usually curative and associated with favorable visual outcomes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer Vulnerability Using DRASTIC Index

The “Entre-os-Rios” thermal aquifer has a protection perimeter buffer zone for avoiding water contamination. A vulnerability map was generated, using geographic information systems (GIS) tools and the DRASTIC index, to evaluate the risk of contamination of the perimeter area. The results showed that the protection perimeter buffer zone has an insignificant to moderate risk of pollution, with the DRASTIC index’s values ranging from 47 to 127 points, and an average pollution vulnerability of 79 points. The alluvium-covered land is vulnerable to moderate contamination but is located far from the catchment point. Areas of minimal risk correspond to locations where the granitic massif has not been altered significantly. Keywords: geographic information systems, vulnerability map, protection perimeter buffer zone, DRASTIC inde

Renaturalizar o ser humano para renovar o sentido de hospitalidade, entre Derrida e Nietzsche (Renaturalizing the Human Being to Renew the Meaning of Hospitality, between Derrida and Nietzsche)

Can the concept of unconditional hospitality, as conceived by Jacques Derrida, have a place in contemporary societies? On the other hand, does hospitality only survive within the limits of positive law, that is, as something conditional? Derrida, maintaining an unresolvable dichotomy, seemed inclined to an idea of hospitality à la Levinas, that is, one that gives primacy to the other, in which a host becomes entirely responsible for its guest. In this paper, firstly, we discuss this dialectic, which, albeit it does not propose a dynamics of overcoming, remains philosophically fertile. Secondly, we develop, taking as a starting point Friedrich Nietzsche and his proposal for a renaturalization of the human, a hypothesis of post-humanist and post-nationalist hospitality that allows us to reinvent the notion, bringing it closer, mutatis mutandis, to Derrida’s notion of unconditional hospitality.   Pode o conceito de hospitalidade incondicional, tal como foi pensado por Jacques Derrida, ter lugar nas sociedades contemporâneas? Ou será que, pelo contrário, a hospitalidade só sobrevive nos limites do direito positivo, isto é, sendo condicional? Derrida, mantendo a dicotomia insolúvel, pareceu inclinar-se para uma hospitalidade à la Lévinas, isto é, a que consiste em dar a primazia ao outro, onde um hospedeiro se responsabiliza absolutamente pelo hóspede. Neste artigo mostra-se, num primeiro momento, que esta dialéctica sem dinâmica de superação, continua a ser filosoficamente fecunda. Num segundo momento, desenvolvemos, a partir de Friedrich Nietzsche, e da sua proposta de renaturalização do humano, uma hipótese de hospitalidade pós-humanista e pós-nacionalista que permita reinventar a noção, aproximando-a, mutatis mutandis, da hospitalidade incondicional de Derrida.

ANOTAÇÕES SOBRE O ETERNO RETORNO: Para além do cristianismo

Na experiência de pensamento desenvolvida neste texto procuraremos a) acompanhar o nascimento e o percurso da noção de Eterno Retorno na obra de Nietzsche, mostrando como entre 1881, data da sua emergência, e 1888 ele passa de uma grande esperança filosófica a uma espécie de ato falhado. a.1) Elaborar uma hermenêutica que distinga e articule o momento de 81 — Gaia Ciência e Fragmentos Póstumos da época —, do de Assim Falava Zaratustra e do pós 1884. b) Queremos também explicar a sua dimensão ética e cosmológica. b.1) Bem como a estratégia de diferimento de uma possível teoria do Eterno Retorno. c) Finalmente, tentaremos argumentar sobre como o Eterno Retorno serviu até 84-85 de peça de combate à teologia Cristã

ANÁLISE DOS FATORES QUE LEVAM ENFERMEIROS À DEPRESSÃO

The theme of this article is Analysis of the factors that lead nurses to depression. Investigate the following problem, what are the factors that drive nurses to depression? The following hypothesis was considered “factors such as: low pay, exhaustive hours, unhealthy places, etc., lead nurses to depression”. The general objective is to identify the factors that lead nurses to depression. This work is important due to the fact that I have learned ways to prevent depression; for science, it is relevant for having gained an important tool to clarify symptoms, causes and prevention of depression in nurses; it adds to society because people can acquire knowledge on the topic. This is a qualitative theoretical research lasting six months.O tema deste artigo é a Análise dos fatores que levam enfermeiros à depressão. Investigou-se o seguinte problema: Quais os fatores que levam os enfermeiros à depressão? Cogitou-se a seguinte hipótese, fatores como baixa remuneração, carga horária exaustiva, locais insalubres, entre outros, levam os enfermeiros à depressão. O objetivo geral é identificar os fatores que levam os enfermeiros à depressão. Este trabalho é importante devido ao fato de ter aprendido os meios de prevenção para a depressão. Para a ciência, é relevante por ser uma importante ferramenta para esclarecer sintomas, causas e prevenção da depressão em enfermeiros. Agrega à sociedade por fornecer conhecimento sobre o tema. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa teórica com duração de seis meses. &nbsp

Saturation Physics in Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: Heavy Quark Production

In this work we estimate the heavy quark production in the interaction of ultra high energy cosmic rays in the atmosphere, considering that the primary cosmic ray is a proton or a photon. At these energies the saturation momentum Q_{sat}^2 stays above the hard scale \mu_c^2=4m_c^2, implying charm production probing the saturation regime. In particular, we show that the ep HERA data presents a scaling on \tau_c = (Q^2+\mu_c^2)/Q_{sat}^2. We derive our results considering the dipole picture and the Color Glass Condensate formalism, which one shows to be able to describe the heavy quark production in photon-proton and proton-proton collisions. Nuclear effects are considered in computation of cross sections for scattering on air nuclei. Implications on the flux of prompt leptons at the earth are analyzed and a large suppression is predicted.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Version to be published in JHE

The copper archaeometallurgy at Monte Novo dos Albardeiros (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Évora)

The site of Monte Novo dos Albardeiros is located near the village of Campinho (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Évora). A small tell situated next to the magazine of a farmstead was partially excavated, revealing several phases of occupation. The know phases of occupation are: a third millennium fortified farmstead; a funerary structure of tholos type, datable to the second half of the third millennium; and above the collapsed structure of the latter, two funerary deposits of the Early Bronze Age. Metal arrefacts were recovered from all of these phases, including traces of local copper metallurgy from the two earliest phases of occupation of the site. Through the EDXRF method, the composition of two awls, an axe and an alène, all manufactured from copper, was analysed. A brief technico-cultural study is also presented, stressing the «arehaeometallurgic continuity» of the site and the question of arsenical copper.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dois novos ídolos tipo Moncarapacho

Deux nouvelles découvertes d'idoles cylindriques du type Moncarapacho viennent d'être faites au Sud du portugal. La Déesse Mere du néolithique occidental est aussi présente à I'Âge du Cuivre, sous une forme plus stylisée. Dans ces répresentations on trouve: (a) des yeux-soleil (b) des sourcils bien dessinés (c) des peintures faciales. Les idoles cylindriques se trouvaient généralement hors-contexte ce qui rendait difficile la détermination rigoureuse de son âge. Apres les fouilles de l'habitat calcholithique fortifié de Santa Justa (Alcoutim, Algarve) cette difficulté vient d'être surpassée, les idoles étant nettement calcholi tiques ce qui donne une nouvelle importance à l'étude de toutes les trouvailles de ce type.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio