Equivalence of space and time-bins in DPS-QKD

We set up differential phase shift quantum key distribution (DPS-QKD), over 105 km of single-mode optical fiber, with a quantum bit error rate of less than 15% at a secure key rate of 2 kbps. The testbed was first used to investigate the effect of excess bias voltage and hold-off time on the temporal distribution of photons within a gate window of an InGaAs single-photon detector (SPD) and quantified the effects of afterpulsing. The key generation efficiency, and security, in DPS-QKDimprove with an increase in the number of path delays or time-bin superpositions. We finally demonstrate the implementation of superposition states using a time-bin approach, and establish equivalence with the path-based superposition approach, thus yielding a simpler approach to implementing superposition states for use in DPS-QKD.Comment: 7 pages, 14 figure

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Crystal & Molecular Structure of Bis(N-allylsalicylaldiminato)-palladium(II)

279-28

An Enhanced and Secure Trust-Aware Improved GSO for Encrypted Data Sharing in the Internet of Things

Wireless sensors and actuator networks (WSNs) are the physical layer implementation used for many smart applications in this decade in the form of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPS). Even though many research concerns in WSNs have been answered, the evolution of the WSN into an IoT network has exposed it to many new technical issues, including data security, multi-sensory multi-communication capabilities, energy utilization, and the age of information. Cluster-based data collecting in the Internet of Things has the potential to address concerns with data freshness and energy efficiency. However, it may not offer reliable network data security. This research presents an improved method for data sharing and cluster head (CH) selection using the hybrid Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method in conjunction with glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) strategies based on the energy, trust value, bandwidth, and memory to address this security-enabled, cluster-based data aggregation in the IoT. Next, we aggregate the data after the cluster has been built using a genetic algorithm (GA). After aggregation, the data are encrypted and delivered securely using the TIGSO-EDS architecture. Cuckoo search is used to analyze the data and choose the best route for sending them. The proposed model’s analysis of the results is analyzed, and its uniqueness has been demonstrated via comparison with existing models. TIGSO-EDS reduces energy consumption each round by 12.71–19.96% and increases the percentage of successfully delivered data packets from 2.50% to 5.66%

Study of coronary angiographic correlation with electrocardiography in patients of acute coronary syndrome-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Background: Abnormalities in the 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) are often used to localize the anatomic site of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. The same ECG findings are often assumed to correlate with anatomy of coronary arteries as well as the site of occlusion. Unfortunately, there is only limited documentation for correlation between the location of coronary artery occlusion and the finding of Q-waves during MI, thus tending to compromise the predictive value of ECG. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to correlate the accuracy of ECG in localization of culprit coronary vessels involved in acute coronary syndrome-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (ACS-STEMI) and to combine various ECG criteria for localization of culprit vessel and the occlusion site to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ECG as compared to coronary angiographic findings. Materials and Methods: ECGs of patients with MI events, symptomatic or silent, were analyzed for STEMI or non-STEMI. One hundred patients with STEMI satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included as participants for the study. Coronary angiography was done after an event of acute MI or within 3 months after an event. ECG changes in various leads were used to localize the vessel involved and were correlated with dominant vessel involved in coronary angiography in development of MI. ECG criteria were used to localize the vessel involved. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 16.0 software. Results and conclusions: We found that anterior wall myocardial infarction was more common than inferior wall myocardial infarction. Incidence of MI correlated positively with age. Acute MI was more common in males than females. Diabetes was more common risk factor for acute MI. ECG criteria utilized in our study were found to have high sensitivity and specificity, when combined together, in localizing culprit vessel in ACS-STEMI in left anterior descending artery, right coronary artery, and left circumflex coronary artery and this is in accordance with the studies conducted in other populations