Treasury inflation-indexed debt: a review of the U.S. experience

This article describes the evolution of Treasury inflation-indexed debt securities (TIIS) since their introduction in 1997. Over most of this period, TIIS yields have been surprisingly high relative to those on comparable nominal Treasury securities, with the spread between the nominal and indexed yields falling well below survey measures of long-run inflation expectations. The authors argue that the low relative valuation of TIIS may have reflected investor difficulty adjusting to a new asset class, supply trends, and the lower liquidity of indexed debt. In addition, investors may have had a benign outlook for inflation and may not have demanded much, if any, of an inflation risk premium to hold nominal securities. As a result, inflation-indexed debt has not yet lived up to one of its main purposes: to reduce the Treasury's expected financing costs. More recently, though, TIIS market liquidity and the breadth of investor participation have increased considerably, and the valuation of these securities appears to have improved.Inflation-indexed bonds ; Treasury bonds ; Treasury notes ; Rate of return

Interaction between Yeast Cdc6 Protein and B-Type Cyclin/Cdc28 Kinases

During purification of recombinant Cdc6 expressed in yeast, we found that Cdc6 interacts with the critical cell cycle, cyclin-dependent protein kinase Cdc28. Cdc6 and Cdc28 can be coimmunoprecipitated from extracts, Cdc6 is retained on the Cdc28-binding matrix p13-agarose, and Cdc28 is retained on an affinity column charged with bacterially produced Cdc6. Cdc6, which is a phosphoprotein in vivo, contains five Cdc28 consensus sites and is a substrate of the Cdc28 kinase in vitro. Cdc6 also inhibits Cdc28 histone H1 kinase activity. Strikingly, Cdc6 interacts preferentially with B-type cyclin/Cdc28 complexes and not Cln/Cdc28 in log-phase cells. However, Cdc6 does not associate with Cdc28 when cells are blocked at the restrictive temperature in a cdc34 mutant, a point in the cell cycle when the B-type cyclin/Cdc28 inhibitor p40Sic1 accumulates and purified p40Sic1 inhibits the Cdc6/Cdc28 interaction. Deletion of the Cdc28 interaction domain from Cdc6 yields a protein that cannot support growth. However, when overproduced, the mutant protein can support growth. Furthermore, whereas overproduction of wild-type Cdc6 leads to growth inhibition and bud hyperpolarization, overproduction of the mutant protein supports growth at normal rates with normal morphology. Thus, the interaction may have a role in the essential function of Cdc6 in initiation and in restraining mitosis until replication is complete

The History of Nuclidic Masses and of their Evaluation

This paper is centered on some historical aspects of nuclear masses, and their relations to major discoveries. Besides nuclear reactions and decays, the heart of mass measurements lies in mass spectrometry, the early history of which will be reviewed first. I shall then give a short history of the mass unit which has not always been defined as one twelfth of the carbon-12 mass. When combining inertial masses from mass spectrometry with energy differences obtained in reactions and decays, the conversion factor between the two is essential. The history of the evaluation of the nuclear masses (actually atomic masses) is only slightly younger than that of the mass measurements themselves. In their modern form, mass evaluations can be traced back to 1955. Prior to 1955, several tables were established, the oldest one in 1935.Comment: 17 pages, Contribution to the special issue of the International Journal of Mass Spectrometry (IJMS) in the honor of the 65th anniversary of Jurgen Kluge's birthda

Educators’ Experiences Implementing Social-Emotional Learning Curriculum in a Suburban Elementary School

This qualitative case study explores educators’ experiences in a suburban elementary school during the implementation stages of a new social-emotional learning curriculum. This research combines educators’ first-person accounts of the social-emotional learning curriculum implementation before and during the process as well as analyzes the results of their experiences as a whole. Altogether, this paper investigates the central phenomenon: What are the experiences of elementary educators in a suburban elementary school implementing social-emotional learning curriculum? Participants were invited individually to take part in the interview process. Data collected were analyzed through a series of codes and aggregated into themes. Participants reflected on professional development given before and during the implementation process. Data analysis illustrated that while participants believed in the value of the new social-emotional learning curriculum, they felt ill-prepared to teach it. Further research recommendations include establishing a system to elongate the implementation process during the school year by way of a peer-coaching component, monthly staff development led by peers, and staff members sharing curriculum success stories they have encountered in their classrooms

Environmental Toxins and Their Impact on Neurological Health

This paper evaluates the impact of environmental toxins on neurological health from a public health perspective. Employing a comprehensive review of literature across various databases, the study sheds light on the mechanisms through which environmental neurotoxicity influences health, highlighting key correlations between toxin exposure and the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. The research identifies significant gaps in current approaches to managing these risks, particularly concerning policy regulations and public awareness. Based on these findings, strategic recommendations are proposed to address and mitigate the identified challenges, with implications emphasizing the broader benefits for public health

Toward reliable morphology assessment of thermosets via physical etching: Vinyl ester resin as an example

The morphology of peroxide-cured, styrene crosslinked, bisphenol A-based vinyl ester (VE) resin was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after ‘physical’ etching with different methods. Etching was achieved by laser ablation, atmospheric plasma treatment and argon ion bombardment. Parameters of the etching were varied to get AFM scans of high topography resolution. VE exhibited a nanoscaled nodular structure the formation of which was ascribed to complex intra- and intermolecular reactions during crosslinking. The microstructure resolved after all the above physical etching techniques was similar provided that optimized etching and suitable AFM scanning conditions were selected. Nevertheless, with respect to the ‘morphology visualization’ these methods follow the power ranking: argon bombardment > plasma treatment > laser ablation

Migration from Mexico to the US: The Impacts of NAFTA on Mexico and the United States and What to do Going Forward

Research indicates four main causes for migration from Mexico to the United States: Incredibly high crime rates, unemployment, poverty rates, and natural disasters. The first two are especially important in regards to trade between the two border sharing countries. Since agreeing to virtually total free trade, the United States has been able to take advantage of Mexico in such a way that has created further deterioration of the state. If the government of Mexico cannot resurrect the thousands of personal business that were effected do to NAFTA, the U.S. cannot expect for migration from Mexico to deteriorate or halt. By displacing Mexico’s small business owner’s, Mexico has effectively made their citizens weak to the inevitable increase in poverty, and the Cartels that have bought out swaths of land and human lives. In this paper, I reveal the direct correlations between agreements within the NAFTA and the millions of displaced agricultural workers in Mexico that caused an increase of immigration from Mexico to the United States. On January 1, 1994, The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which includes Canada, Mexico, and the United States, was officially formed. By 2008, virtual free trade in almost all goods and services was established amongst all three countries, with the exception of a limited number of agricultural products traded specifically with Canada. The trade agreements of NAFTA were coupled with a surge of Mexican migrants to the U.S. The question under investigation is, why did so many Mexicans move to the United States after the NAFTA was signed? Contrary to the theoretical benefits of free trade, many citizens of the United States and Mexico have developed deep contention towards the agreement between their countries. In the United States, those whose’ lives revolve around the manufacturing industry argue that increased trade with low-wage countries, such as Mexico, threatens their employment due to industrial re-location. Mexican’s argue that the U.S. is dumping agricultural products and manufacturing industries that destroy local business and decrease the standard of living. Morethan 35 million Americans have Mexican roots, and Mexico is the United States’ third-largest trading partner, next to China. Despite the positive correlation that the economic gravity theory presents, that both countries are at an advantage to trade with one-another, I’m afraid it’s information is flawed. As the United States and Mexico attempt to find a way to grow their economies and decrease migration, from Mexico to the U.S., it is imperative for them to understand that free-trade, under the current NAFTA, has actually increased immigration from Mexico to the U.S. because of minimal protectionisms for Mexico’s workers- especially in agriculture. This paper is written with the intent to inform people of the relationship between trade and immigration, specifically, between the U.S. and Mexico