Survey and diversity of grapevine pinot gris virus in algeria and comprehensive high-throughput small rna sequencing analysis of two isolates from vitis vinifera cv. Sabel revealing high viral diversity

Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is a putative causal agent of grapevine leaf mottling and deformation disease that has been reported worldwide throughout the grapevine-growing regions. Fifty-four grapevines collected from five Algerian grapevine-growing regions were tested for the presence of GPGV in phloem tissues. Eight of the tested grapevines were infected by GPGV. Viromes of two selected Vitis vinifera cv. Sabel grapevines infected by GPGV and showing virus-like symptoms were analyzed by small RNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses of the partial coding sequence (cds) of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain showed that all Algerian GPGV isolates were grouped with some already-described asymptomatic isolates. This study provides the first survey of the occurrence of GPGV in Algeria. Moreover, Grapevine fleck virus, Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, Grapevine virus B, Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus, Hop stunt viroid and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 were detected in Algeria for the first time.O

Incidence of symptoms and fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Czech vineyards: first example from a north-eastern European grape-growing region

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) are one of the most important constraints for grapevine and wine production worldwide. Most of the published studies on these diseases in Europe relate to the major vine growing regions mainly located in southern Europe. This is the first study of GTD incidence and associated fungal pathogens in Czech vineyards, as an example of the north-eastern European grape-growing region. Annual incidence of GTD symptoms in vineyards of cvs. ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ in three Czech locations was surveyed. On average, 3.7% of the ‘Chardonnay’ plants showed GTD symptoms and 0.7% suddenly collapsed each year. Within the ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyards, 10.1% of the plants showed GTD symptoms and 2.5% suddenly collapsed. Several fungal pathogens were associated with the suddenly collapsed grapevines, and the most frequent was Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (77% of analyzed grapevines), followed by Eutypa lata (62%), Diaporthe ampelina (31%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (15%) and Fomitiporia mediterranea (15%)

Reduced graphene oxide-based nanometal-composite containing copper and silver nanoparticles protect tomato and pepper against Xanthomonas euvesicatoria infection

Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xe) is of the genera Xanthomonas, which causes a bacterial spot disease that affects tomato and pepper plants, resulting in significant economic losses. Commonly used bactericides lead to pathogen resistance, environmental contamination and a current risk to human health. Herein, a nanocomposite consisting of Cu and Ag loaded onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized, characterized and tested. After confirmation of the antibacterial properties in vitro, nanocomposites at concentrations of 50 and 500 µg mL MINUS SIGN 1 were applied to protect tomato and pepper plants under controlled greenhouse conditions. The tomato and pepper plants indicated significantly lower disease severity when treated with the nanocomposite (15.6 and 16.7%, respectively) than when treated with the commercial copper-based bactericide Kocide(R) 2000. The nanocomposite was demonstrated as a high-efficiency biocide and has the potential for crop disease management with no phytotoxic effect.O

The demonstration of the GFLV Nepovirus isolates on naturally infected grapevine cultivars and evaluation of variability within genome region encoding movement protein

In this work, the infection of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) disease was described on the base of symptomatic differences within eight grapevine plants of six grape ciltivars with positive tests on GFLV. Among them, cultivars Kodrjanka, Pamjati Negrula, Kišmiš Lučistyj were planted in wine region of the South Moravia (Czech Republic), three infected grapevine cultivars (URS, Cinsaut, Dimrit) included in this study originating from Italy. Except symptomatic evaluation, the differences between isolates were emphasized at the genetic level too, exactly in the frame of RNA2 genomic region coding movement protein. The variability of the tested isolates within the eight plants was in the range from 86.59 to 97.61% at the nucleotide level. The results confirmed very high degree of similarity between virus isolates of GFLV within studied RNA2 region. This fact was assessed by the phylogenetic analysis of obtained sequencing data too

Effects of Global Warming on Grapevine Berries Phenolic Compounds—A Review

The steadfast propensity to global warming has had a severe impact on overall viticulture. Given the observed increase in growing season temperatures in Europe (+1.7 °C from 1950 to 2004), between 2000 and 2049, it is assumed that temperatures for major wine regions will increase on average by about +0.42 °C per decade and will generally increase by +2.04 °C. Phenolic compound development is affected by environmental parameters such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, sunlight, maximum and minimum temperatures, and grapevine water status. Proanthocyanidins, flavan-3-ol monomers, and other pigmented polymers are impacted by soil management and canopy handling strategies, as well as obtaining a microclimate around the developing bunch. This review, after a necessary summary of the synthesis of phenolic compounds in the berry (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) to let the lector delve into the topic, describes the impact of climate change and therefore of environmental factors on their accumulation and storage throughout ripening and harvesting. For example, high berry temperatures can reduce the total concentrations of skin anthocyanin; a 35 °C temperature entirely obstructed anthocyanin synthesis, and instead quercetin 3-glucoside could be enhanced with exposure to solar radiation. In addition, increments via water deficit in the relative abundance of methoxylated anthocyanins were also found. The vineyard management strategies to mitigate the degradation of phenolic compounds and preserve their concentration are also further discussed. Finally, it is believed that it is necessary today to establish an elastic and variable approach towards the single wine year, moving away from the concept of product standardization

Survey and Diversity of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in Algeria and Comprehensive High-Throughput Small RNA Sequencing Analysis of Two Isolates from Vitis vinifera cv. Sabel Revealing High Viral Diversity

Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is a putative causal agent of grapevine leaf mottling and deformation disease that has been reported worldwide throughout the grapevine-growing regions. Fifty-four grapevines collected from five Algerian grapevine-growing regions were tested for the presence of GPGV in phloem tissues. Eight of the tested grapevines were infected by GPGV. Viromes of two selected Vitis vinifera cv. Sabel grapevines infected by GPGV and showing virus-like symptoms were analyzed by small RNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses of the partial coding sequence (cds) of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain showed that all Algerian GPGV isolates were grouped with some already-described asymptomatic isolates. This study provides the first survey of the occurrence of GPGV in Algeria. Moreover, Grapevine fleck virus, Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, Grapevine virus B, Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus, Hop stunt viroid and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 were detected in Algeria for the first time

Comprehensive Virus Detection Using Next Generation Sequencing in Grapevine Vascular Tissues of Plants Obtained from the Wine Regions of Bohemia and Moravia (Czech Republic)

<div><p>Comprehensive next generation sequencing virus detection was used to detect the whole spectrum of viruses and viroids in selected grapevines from the Czech Republic. The novel NGS approach was based on sequencing libraries of small RNA isolated from grapevine vascular tissues. Eight previously partially-characterized grapevines of diverse varieties were selected and subjected to analysis: Chardonnay, Laurot, Guzal Kara, and rootstock Kober 125AA from the Moravia wine-producing region; plus Müller-Thurgau and Pinot Noir from the Bohemia wine-producing region, both in the Czech Republic. Using next generation sequencing of small RNA, the presence of 8 viruses and 2 viroids were detected in a set of eight grapevines; therefore, confirming the high effectiveness of the technique in plant virology and producing results supporting previous data on multiple infected grapevines in Czech vineyards. Among the pathogens detected, the <i>Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus</i> and <i>Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1</i> were recorded in the Czech Republic for the first time.</p></div