Study on Doping Prevention: A map of Legal, Regulatory and Prevention Practice Provisions in EU 28

Historically, anti-doping efforts have focused on the detection and deterrence of doping in elite and competitive sport. There is, however, a growing concern that doping is occurring outside the organised sporting system; giving rise to the belief that the misuse of doping agents in recreational sport has become a societal problem and a public health issue that must be addressed. The EU Commission awarded a contract (EAC/2013/0617) to a Consortium to undertake this Study with the aim of developing the evidence-base for policies designed to combat doping in recreational sport. Fourteen internationally recognised experts shaped the Study which comprised (i) the collection of primary data through a structured survey, and (ii) secondary data through literature searches and website analysis. All 28 Member States participated in the information-gathering process. Specifically, this involved a systematic study of the ethical considerations, legal position, prevention research landscape, and current practise in relation to the prevention of doping in recreational sport. The Study provides a comprehensive overview of current practice and legislation as it applies to the prevention of doping and promotes and supports the sharing of best practices in the EU regarding the fight against doping in recreational sport. It concludes with seven recommendations for future action that focus on the need for a coordinated response in relation to the problems arising from doping in recreational sport

The Genesis and Effect of French Anti-Doping Policies in Cycling

This paper focuses on the transformation of French public policy on doping and its effects on the life of cycling professionals. We first focus on the emergence and the evolution of French public policies against doping in cycling. Then the article attempts to qualitatively observe the effects of policies on cyclists. The objective is to understand how the cycling culture is evolving. This article is based on 39 interviews with new and seasoned professionals, as well as ethnographic observations over a dozen years

L'épreuve du dopage. Sociologie du cyclisme professionnel.

Du cyclisme professionnel des années 1980-2000, on retient d'abord les scandales, sans connaître le rôle exact joué par la question du dopage dans la culture professionnelle des cyclistes. L'intention des auteurs n'est pas de dénoncé les coureurs consommateurs de pharmacologies ni de justifier le dopage mais d'adopter un regard sociologique sur une pratique constante dans ce milieu professionnel. Cet ouvrage s'intéresse aux acteurs et institutions qui en fixant les normes du dopage transforment les conditions d'exercice de ce métier, il montre les premières initiations, des premières compétitions à l'entrée dans le milieu professionnel. En s'appuyant sur les récits de cyclistes, les auteurs identifient les étapes d'une carrière autant physique que morale et montrent que la dynamique de la profession échappe aux cyclistes. Celle-ci dépend du cadre normatif imposé aux coureurs, de la structure du marché et des parcours individuels

Growth mechanisms of MOCVD processed Ni thin films

The main gaseous by-products during the processing of nickel films by MOCVD from nickelocene have been analyzed by on-line mass spectrometry. The evolution of relative concentration of CH4, C5H6, and C5H10 with time, pressure, temperature, and hydrogen flow has been quantified and related with the characteristics, mainly carbon content, of the Ni films. The obtained results allowed to investigate the dissociation of nickelocene leading to the growth of Ni films. Two possibilities are proposed to prevail : Either the metal-ligand bond is dissociated, and the ligand is hydrogenated and desorbed, or the ligand itself is decomposed on the surface leading to the incorporation of carbon in the deposits. The process is controled by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism based on a competitive coverage of the surface by nickelocene or hydrogen atoms

Fabrication et découpe laser de simulants des débris de corium de l'accident de Fukushima Dai-ichi

National audienceUn consortium français (COMEX Nucleaire/ONET Technologies + CEA et IRSN) a été sélectionné dans le cadre d'appels d'offre japonais relatif au démantèlement de Fukushima Daiichi afin d’étudier la faisabilité d'une découpe laser du corium.On a pour ce faire, selectionné des blocs de simulants de corium, issus des etudes passées du CEA pour la sûreté des réacteurs a eau pressurisée a l'aide du four a arc plasma VULCANO, et fabrique de nouveaux échantillons simulants grace a un chauffage par induction, avec une composition issue de calculs des accidents graves de Fukushima Daiichi. Les temperatures de liquidus de ces melanges varient entre 1700 et 3000 K selon les compositions, principalement en fonction de la fraction de produits de decomposition du béton. Le CEA a aussi developpé et validé une tête de découpe laser pour la découpe d'acier lors du démantèlement des installations nucléaires. Des essais ont montre la faisabilité de la découpe laser tant sur des échantillons simulants que sur de la zircone electro-fondue. Ces résultats encourageants ont été obtenus, non seulement sur des debris céramique denses ou poreux mais aussi sur des échantillons contenant des inclusions métalliques (acier, zirconium) qui sont généralement difficile a couper avec les outils traditionnels

Composition and magnetic properties of MOCVD processed thin films from nickelocene

In this study, results are reported on the composition and the electrical and magnetic properties of thin films of nickel deposited by MOCVD from nickelocene. It was found that films contain carbon, whose content decreases with increasing deposition pressure. Part of the carbon atoms are found in interstitial position in the Ni lattice. Saturation magnetization, Curie temperature and electrical conductivity of the films decrease with increasing their carbon content. The evolution of the magnetization saturation Ms of the films with temperature follows Bloch's law. The different forms, namely carbidic (interstitial), aliphatic, or cyclic, in which carbon is found are discussed, and are correlated with the variations of the properties of the films

In situ Monitoring of the Oxidation of Coated and Uncoated Austenitic Stainless Steels at Temperatures Lower than 600 °C: Part A Coating Screening

International audienceThe lithium niobate used in an ultrasonic transducer for liquid metal fast nuclear reactors is prone to a reduction leading to a rapid short circuit of the sensor in operating conditions. Oxygen consumption on stainless steel sensors walls was suspected to be the cause of the reduction. Impedance spectroscopy monitoring around 600 °C under different O2 partial pressures shows that the reduction limit is above the equilibrium pressure of iron oxides. As the housing material (304L) cannot be easily changed, various coating solutions enhancing the passivation of the steels were investigated. Sol gel lanthanum coatings show the best behavior when tested by TGA at 800 °C. However, in situ monitoring of the oxygen consumption by anoxygen sensor close to operating condition shows that it was not enough protective