Translation from the field of social sciences with a commentary and glossary

Cílem této bakalářské práce je překlad z oblasti sociálních věd s komentářem a glosářem. Pro překlad byl vybrán text z psychologické knihy. Teoretická část se zabývá teorií překlady, druhy překladu, postupy a metodami. Dále je charakterizován odborný a populárně naučný styl. Praktická část obsahuje překlad textu, mikroanalýzu, makroanalýzu a glosář vybraných odborných pojmů užitých v textu.Katedra anglického jazyka a literaturyObhájenoThe main aim of this thesis is to translate the text from the field of social sciences with commentary and glossary. Fur the purposes of the translation was chosen the text from the psychological book. In the theoretical part is stated the theory of translation, types of translations and translating methods. Further is described scientific and popular scientific style. The practical part consists of translation of the text, micro analysis, macro analysis and glossary containing the terms used in the text

Spectral properties of Antarctic and Alpine vegetation monitored by multispectral camera: Case studies from James Ross Island and Jeseníky Mts.

In this study, we investigated the utility of spectral remote sensing data gathered by a multispectral camera for estimating of vegetation cover in Antarctic vegetation oasis and Arcto-Alpine tundra. The surveys exploiting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and multispectral camera were done in an Antarctic vegetation oasis located at the Northern shore of James Ross Island (Antarctica), and arcto-alpine tundra located in the Jeseníky Mts. (NE Czech Republic, 1 420 m a.s.l.). For the two locations, false colour images of spectral indices (VARI, NGRDI, GLI, RGVI, ExG, NDVI, PRI) were taken and analysis of vegetation types and components of vegetation cover done. Additionally, field research was performed by handheld instruments measuring NDVI, PRI and of selected vegetation components: Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Nostoc commune colonies (Antarctica), lichens grown on flat stones and boulders (the Jeseníky Mts.). The results show UAV photo surveys and imaging of spectral reflectance indices can be used to monitor vegetation types forming Antarctic vegetation oases and arcto-alpine tundra

Light regimen-induced variability of photosynthetic pigments and UV-B absorbing compounds in Luzula sylvatica from Arcto-Alpine tundra

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different in situ light regimen on ecophysiological parameters of Luzula sylvatica leaves. Plants of L. sylvatica grown under natural sunny and shade conditions in arcto-alpine tundra were analyzed with respect to their leaf anatomy, content of photosynthetic pigments, UV absorbing compounds and phenanthrenoid compounds. Relationship between chlorophyll concentrations (Chla+b) and SPAD values was determined for sun and shade leaves measured repeatedly within summer and autumn seasons 2019 and 2020. Pooled data showed curvilinear Chla+b to SPAD relationship with the highest Chla+b and SPAD values found for shade leaves. Sun leaves had higher UV-B absorbing compounds contents than shade ones. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed significant amount of soluble flavonoids in Luzula sylvatica leaves, amongst others the flavone-luteolin and its derivatives (e.g. tentatively identified luteolin-methyl-glucoside and luteolin-glucoside). The accumulation of luteolin based compounds in sun acclimated leaves is also plausible explanation for the higher antioxidant activity determined in sun leaf extraxts. Such response of flavonoid metabolism may help L.S. to cope with excessive-light stress through UV-attenuation mechanism and ROS scavanging. Additionally, phenanthrenoid compounds contents in L. sylvatica leaves were determined. Altogether, 9 phenanthrenoid compounds were identified by HPLC-HRMS. Their content was markedly different (up to the factor of 5) between sun and shade leaves of L.sylvatica

The first solid-state route to luminescent Au(I)—glutathionate and its pH-controlled transformation into ultrasmall oligomeric Au10–12(SG)10–12 nanoclusters for application in cancer radiotheraphy

There is still a need for synthetic approaches that are much faster, easier to scale up, more robust and efficient for generating gold(I)–thiolates that can be easily converted into gold–thiolate nanoclusters. Mechanochemical methods can offer significantly reduced reaction times, increased yields and straightforward recovery of the product, compared to the solution-based reactions. For the first time, a new simple, rapid and efficient mechanochemical redox method in a ball-mill was developed to produce the highly luminescent, pH-responsive Au(I)–glutathionate, [Au(SG)]n. The efficient productivity of the mechanochemical redox reaction afforded orange luminescent [Au(SG)]n in isolable amounts (mg scale), usually not achieved by more conventional methods in solution. Then, ultrasmall oligomeric Au10–12(SG)10–12 nanoclusters were prepared by pH-triggered dissociation of [Au(SG)]n. The pH-stimulated dissociation of the Au(I)–glutathionate complex provides a time-efficient synthesis of oligomeric Au10–12(SG)10–12 nanoclusters, it avoids high-temperature heating or the addition of harmful reducing agent (e.g., carbon monoxide). Therefore, we present herein a new and eco-friendly methodology to access oligomeric glutathione-based gold nanoclusters, already finding applications in biomedical field as efficient radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy

Translation from the field of social sciences with a commentary and glossary

Cílem této bakalářské práce je překlad z oblasti sociálních věd s komentářem a glosářem. Pro překlad byl vybrán text z psychologické knihy. Teoretická část se zabývá teorií překlady, druhy překladu, postupy a metodami. Dále je charakterizován odborný a populárně naučný styl. Praktická část obsahuje překlad textu, mikroanalýzu, makroanalýzu a glosář vybraných odborných pojmů užitých v textu.Katedra anglického jazyka a literaturyObhájenoThe main aim of this thesis is to translate the text from the field of social sciences with commentary and glossary. Fur the purposes of the translation was chosen the text from the psychological book. In the theoretical part is stated the theory of translation, types of translations and translating methods. Further is described scientific and popular scientific style. The practical part consists of translation of the text, micro analysis, macro analysis and glossary containing the terms used in the text

Resistance of Primary Photosynthesis to Photoinhibition in Antarctic Lichen <i>Xanthoria elegans</i>: Photoprotective Mechanisms Activated during a Short Period of High Light Stress

The Antarctic lichen, Xanthoria elegans, in its hydrated state has several physiological mechanisms to cope with high light effects on the photosynthetic processes of its photobionts. We aim to investigate the changes in primary photochemical processes of photosystem II in response to a short-term photoinhibitory treatment. Several chlorophyll a fluorescence techniques: (1) slow Kautsky kinetics supplemented with quenching mechanism analysis; (2) light response curves of photosynthetic electron transport (ETR); and (3) response curves of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were used in order to evaluate the phenomenon of photoinhibition of photosynthesis and its consequent recovery. Our findings suggest that X. elegans copes well with short-term high light (HL) stress due to effective photoprotective mechanisms that are activated during the photoinhibitory treatment. The investigations of quenching mechanisms revealed that photoinhibitory quenching (qIt) was a major non-photochemical quenching in HL-treated X. elegans; qIt relaxed rapidly and returned to pre-photoinhibition levels after a 120 min recovery. We conclude that the Antarctic lichen species X. elegans exhibits a high degree of photoinhibition resistance and effective non-photochemical quenching mechanisms. This photoprotective mechanism may help it survive even repeated periods of high light during the early austral summer season, when lichens are moist and physiologically active

Effect of powder milling on sintering behavior and monotonic and cyclic mechanical properties of Mo and Mo–Si lattices produced by direct ink writing

Molybdenum is a refractory metal regarded as a promising basis for producing high-temperature components. However, the potential of manufacturing molybdenum-based structures by direct ink writing (DIW) has not been explored. In this study, three-dimensional porous molybdenum (Mo) and molybdenum-silicon (Mo–Si) composite lattices were fabricated using DIW with non-milled and milled powders. The effects of Mo powder morphology (resulting from milling) and chemical composition (alloying Mo with 3 and 10 wt% of Si) on the microstructure, phase composition, and static and cyclic compression properties at room temperature were investigated. Lattices fabricated from commercial spherical Mo powder exhibited the highest intra-filament porosity. Conversely, lattices fabricated from milled Mo powder were denser and had higher compressive strength, offset stress, and quasi-elastic gradient. Alloying Mo with Si during sintering resulted in composite lattices with Mo + Mo3Si microstructure. A low content of Mo3Si slightly decreased monotonic compression properties but did not affect the cyclic compression response compared to Mo lattices made from milled powder. In contrast, a high content of Mo3Si produced quasi-brittle lattices with reduced compressive strength and increased damage accumulation during cyclic loading. The cyclic behavior of all lattices was characterized by a ratcheting-dominated stress-strain response. Lattices fabricated from milled Mo and milled Mo-3 wt.%Si powders demonstrated superior performance compared to those fabricated from commercial spherical Mo and milled Mo-10 wt%Si powders. The results suggest that using milled powders can enhance the mechanical reliability and promote the use of DIW as preferred additive manufacturing technology for the fabrication of Mo–Si composite lattices