Bariatric Surgery – Life after the surgical process

Bakgrund: Fetma är idag en kronisk sjukdom som utgör en stor hälsoutmaning både internationellt och nationellt. Fetmaförekomsten globalt sett har nästintill tredubblats sedan 1975. För patienter med sjuklig fetma utgör livsstilsförändringar, dieter och fysisk aktivitet inte effektiva metoder och ger inte heller hållbara resultat. Bariatrisk kirurgi har idag blivit en väletablerad metod och betraktas idag som en standardbehandling. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser efter bariatrisk kirurgi. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie har genomförts. Elva vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades efter sökningar i tre omvårdnadsdatabaser. Resultat: Fyra kategorier framkom; Upplevelser av ett förändrat förhållande till mat, upplevelser av en förändrad kropp och identitet, upplevelser av ett förändrat socialt samspel och vikten av stöd samt upplevelser av hälsa och ohälsa. Slutsatser: Upplevelserna efter bariatrisk kirurgi varierade patienterna emellan och berörde både fysiska och psykiska aspekter i livet. Trots att den nya kroppen givit möjligheter till ökad fysisk förmåga upplevde patienterna ändå svårigheter att anamma den nya identiteten. Stödet framstod som essentiellt för att bibehålla den uppnådda viktminskningen. Det är av stor vikt att sjuksköterskan är insatt i patientens situation för att kunna ge adekvat stöd och få patienten att känna sig sedd och bekräftad.Background: Obesity is today a chronic disease that represents a major health challenge both internationally and nationally. The obesity occurrence has globally almost tripled since 1975. For patients with severe obesity, lifestyle changes, diets and physical activity are not effective methods, nor do they provide sustainable results. Today, bariatric surgery has become a well-established method and is now considered a standard treatment. Purpose: To describe patients' experiences after bariatric surgery. Method: A general literature study has been conducted. Eleven scientific articles were analyzed for searches in three nursing databases. Result: Four categories emerged; Experiences of a changed relationship to food, experiences of a changed body and identity, experiences of a changed social interaction and the significance of support and experiences of health and illness. Conclusions: The experiences after bariatric surgery varied between patients and affected both physical and mental aspects of life. Even though the new body gave opportunities for increased physical ability, patients still experienced difficulties in embracing the new identity. The support was found to be essential to maintain the achieved weight loss. It is vital that the nurse is familiar with the patients’ situation in order to provide adequate support and make the patient feel familiar and confirmed.

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats.

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security