Linking pay level to interactional justice as a determinant of personal outcomes

Human resource development literature highlights that pay level is a crucial compensation design issue. The ability of the management to properly design the level of pay according to external and internal organisational factors may have a signifi cant impact on personal outcomes, i.e. job satisfaction, job commitment,and job performance. More importantly, a thorough review of such relationships revealed that effect of pay level on personal outcomes is indirectly affected by feelings of interactional justice. Although the nature of this relationship is interesting, little is known about the influence of interactional justice in compensation programme models. Therefore, this study was conducted to measure the mediating effect of interactional justice in the relationship between pay level and personal outcomes. A survey research method was used to gather 917 usable questionnaires from employees who have worked in Malaysian institutions of higher learning. The outcomes of stepwise regression analysis showed three important findings: firstly, the relationship between interactional justice and pay level would increase job satisfaction. Secondly, the relationship between interactional justice and pay level would increase job commitment.Third, relationship between interactional justice and pay level would increase job performance. This result confirmed that interactional justice does act as a full mediating variable in the pay system model of the organisation sample. In addition, the implications of this study on compensation theory and practice,conceptual and methodological limitations, and directions for future research are discussed

Effect Of Wax-Based Oleogel As Novel Frying Medium On Oxidative Stability And Anthocyanin Retention Of Purple Sweet Potato Chips

Purple sweet potato (PSP) is rich in anthocyanin content that provide attractive purple color and nutritional benefits. However, the anthocyanin degrades during frying when exposed to high temperature. This study sought to study the effects of wax-based oleogel as frying medium on the anthocyanin retention, antioxidant activity and oil uptake of PSP chips. The pretreatment of PSP slices with citric acid (4%) soaking was studied at different time (1, 3 and 5 min) followed by superheated steam (SS) at 160 ˚C for 5 min. Subsequently, the pretreated PSP chips were fried in palm oil without (control) and with candelila wax (oleogel oil) and the anthocyanin and antioxidant retention as well as oil uptake were evaluated. The moisture sorption isotherms of the samples were determined and accelerated storage study of the packaged PSP chips in aluminium seal pouch was conducted for two weeks at 45 ˚C. Frying PSP chips with oleogel significantly increased anthocyanin content by 82% and reduced the oil uptake by 48% compared to the control sample. During storage, the anthocyanin content and lipid oxidation were maintained in the oleogel sample

Shari’ah issues in gold trading and gold related scam schemes

Gold trading is very common and prestigious in most of the societies.Recently, many packages or schemes that are related to gold haveappeared and developed in Malaysia, but they are subjected toquestions and disputes, as most of them are not free from riba. Ribahas been discussed extensively by Muslim scholars in thecontemporary issues of Islamic Banking and Finance area. Althoughsome types of riba are not explained clearly in the Quran, there areenormous compilations of hadith that detail out the occurrence ofriba in the trading of the ribawi items, including gold. This paperwill discuss the issues of riba, which arise from gold trading as wellas gold related scam schemes. The research method used in thispaper is by explaining how riba takes place in gold trading withdeferment (riba al-nasi’ah), arguments to allow the deferment andrefutations and some models of gold scam schemes. The majoroutcomes of the paper is to expose to the public the permissible wayof gold trading, tricks used by gold scammers, the models of theprogram, riba issue and other related Shari’ah issue

Punishment for rape in Islamic law.

In Islam, rape is considered to be a serious sexual crime. Since it consists of forcible sexual intercourse, most of the classical jurists called it zina bi al-ikrah, that is, forcible unlawful sexual intercourse. The questionarises as to whether rape is part of zina or an isolated crime. This paper focuses on the notion of rape, including a definition of this crime, its punishments and a comparison between rape and zina in Islamic jurisprudenc

Development of a Laser Attenuation Measurement System for Quantification of Suspended Particles

The number density of suspended particles can be quantified by using laser attenuation method. There are two types of suspended particles: solid particles and liquid droplets. Laser attenuation is a phenomenon where a portion of laser beam is reflected by the lenses and absorbed by the particles introduced in its path and the remainder portion of the beam is transmitted to the receiver. Currently, there are many measurement systems using the application laser for the quantification of suspended particles. Those systems are limited for certain settings and experiments only. The objective of this project is to develop a measurement system for the quantification of number density of the suspended particles by using laser attenuation method which incorporating the features of high flexibility, movability, reliability, stability, safety and lightness. The scope of study for this project includes research on the principle of laser and laser attenuation, design of the measurement system, selection of the components and finally experiments to test its functionality. Initially, there are four sketches made by using AutoCAD 2006. Then, only two sketches are selected for the design stage and the final design of measurement system is chosen by considering how well the designs meet the requirements of flexibility, stability, movability, safety and lightness. The fabrication of this system involves the milling, lathing, drilling and assembly processes. Three experiments are conducted throughout the project period. From the result of experiments, this measurement system has shown its functionality as expected to quantify the number density of suspended particles. Finally, this system is now ready for the measurement in various experiments dealing with the quantification of suspended particles

Voltage tracking of DC-DC CUK converter using neural network control

This paper presents a control scheme of a neural network for a DC-DC Cuk converter. The proposed neural network control (NNC) strategy is designed to produce regulated variable DC output voltage. The mathematical model of Cuk converter and artificial neural network algorithm is derived. Cuk converter has some advantages compared to other type of converters. However the nonlinearity characteristic of the Cuk converter due to the switching technique is difficult to be handled by conventional controller such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. To overcome this problem, a neural network controller with online learning back propagation algorithm is developed. The NNC designed tracked the converter voltage output and improve the dynamic performance regardless load disturbances and supply variations. The proposed controller effectiveness during dynamic transient response is then analyze and verified using MATLAB-Simulink. Simulation results confirm the excellent performance of the proposed NNC, exhibits better dynamic performance compared to the classical PID controlle

Rape in Islamic Law: problems of classification and adjudication

This research investigates rape as a crime according to Islamic criminal law. There have been many controversial issues pertaining to the notion of rape, its penal classification, punishment, adjudication and remedies for the victim. Rape in classical Islamic law has been seen as a crime correlated with zina and as such to be treated in the same way as zina in terms of collecting evidence for prosecution, as well as the punishment for it. However, some modern scholars have suggested that rape is actually closer to hiraba on the basis that there are concepts of hiraba, such as physical assault, in rape. These different classifications of rape result it different procedures for prosecution, proof and punishment. This research examines the appropriate punishment for the rape as well as modern developments regarding the prosecution of rape, legal procedures, the rights of the accused and the rights of the victim, based on the opinions and arguments of classical and modern Muslim jurisprudents from various schools of la

Zakat Compliance Intention Behavior on Saving Among Universiti Utara Malaysia's Staff

Previous research has shown that there is still low compliance reported in the payment of zakat. However, most of the researchers only focused on the payment of zakat on employment income. An increasing number of people are reported to save their money in saving, fixed deposit and current saving accounts. The collection of zakat on saving is the third highest collection reported by Jabatan Zakat Negeri Kedah after zakat on employment income and zakat on trade. Because of this, this study is motivated to investigate zakat compliance intention on saving among employees of Universiti Utara Malaysia by using theory of planned behavior. A total of 86 questionnaires were returned and used to measure the three independent variables which are attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards the intention to comply with zakat on saving. Based on the results obtained, perceived behavioral control was found to significantly influence intention to comply with zakat on saving, but attitude and subjective norms have no significant influence at all. Generally, theory of planned behavior can be used to explain zakat compliance intention behavior on saving. It is hoped that the finding of the present study will increase the eligible Muslims awareness to pay zakat on saving and help policy makers to be more efficient and effective in the future. The limitations of the study are also presented in this paper

Data Reconciliation in a Heat Exchanger Network

In any modern chemical plant, petrochemical process or refinery, variables such as flow rates, temperatures, pressures, levels and compositions are routinely measured and recorded for the purpose of process control, on-line optimization or process economic evaluation (Romagnoli, J. A. R., & Sanchez, M. C, 2000). The quality of such process data significantly affects the performance and profit gained from the industrial processes. The same concept is applied in the process ofcrude preheating in any refinery industry where the crude oil is heated by passing it through a network of heat exchangers

Design of nanostructured polymeric materials for radiation shielding of ionizing radiations

This study seeks to provide a novel approach for producing technologically viable new radiation shielding materials to meet the safety requirements for use in medical X-ray imaging facilities. The approach was based on dispersing micro-sized and nano-sized heavy element fillers into polymeric materials using different filler dispersion methods such as melt-mixing, ion implantation and electrospinning. These materials have high potential application for shielding of X-rays in diagnostic radiology purposes