Necessidade de implementação dos instrumentos financeiros bilhetes de tesouro e certificado depósito do BCSTP

O sistema financeiro santomense é relativamente jovem e vem se desenvolvendo paulatinamente, após a reforma e liberalização em 1992, assente num sistema bancário a dois níveis, com predominância dos bancos comerciais (8 bancos em Dezembro de 2014) e supervisionado pelo Banco Central de São Tomé e Príncipe. Este trabalho visa analisar a necessidade de implementação de Bilhetes do Tesouro (BT) e Certificados de Depósito do Banco Central (CDBC) em São Tomé e Príncipe para a dinamização do sistema financeiro. Para tal desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo e exploratório sobre o sistema financeiro santomense e das condições macroeconómicas do país. Consultou-se ainda as administrações dos bancos comerciais a operar no país sobre a eventual adesão a estes produtos e sua percepção quanto à utilidade para o sistema, aplicando-se uma entrevista por questionário aos 8 administradores. Mais de 50% dos inquiridos foram de opinião que esses dois instrumentos seriam um bom meio de investimento e a sua implementação seria excelente para os mesmos. Mais de 60% responderam que utilizariam estes instrumentos como colateral nas transacções do mercado monetário interbancário, com preferência para os CDBC. Deste modo concluiu-se que o mercado estará receptivo para estes produtos e que estes serão necessários para a dinamização do mercado monetário, perspectivando-se o seu contributo positivo para o desenvolvimento económico do país, para a eficiência e liquidez do mercado financeiro santomense.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 0 to 36 months

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de cárie e de fatores de risco em crianças com idade até 36 meses cadastradas no Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE-UERJ). Após a obtenção de consentimento livre e informado, foi realizada uma entrevista com os responsáveis por meio da qual foram avaliados os fatores de risco à cárie, incluindo condições sócio-econômico-culturais, hábitos de higiene oral e de dieta. Um único examinador realizou o exame bucal das crianças para a avaliação de cárie, de biofilme dental e de sangramento gengival. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do programa Epi Info, utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado. As crianças tinham em média 22,9 meses de idade. A prevalência de cárie encontrada, incluindo lesões não cavitadas, foi de 41,6% e o índice ceo-s foi de 1,7 (± 2,5). Os dentes mais afetados foram os anteriores superiores e o tipo de lesão mais comum foi a mancha branca ativa. Não houve associação significativa estatisticamente entre a prevalência de cárie e os fatores sócio-econômico-culturais, freqüência de higiene, hábito de amamentação noturna e dieta cariogênica durante o dia. Entretanto, a associação entre cárie e presença de biofilme dental foi considerada altamente significativa (p < 0,001). Os resultados sugerem que o acúmulo de biofilme dental espesso foi o fator preponderante para a ocorrência da cárie de estabelecimento precoce na amostra avaliada.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries and risk factors in outpatients of the Pediatric Ambulatory of the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital aging up to 36 months. After signing informed consent forms, the parents answered a structured questionnaire in order to evaluate risk factors for dental caries, including socioeconomic status, oral hygiene and dietary habits. A single investigator carried out the dental examination which assessed the presence of caries, biofilm and gingival bleeding. The data were analyzed by means of the Epi Info program, utilizing the chi-squared test. The childrens mean age was 22.9 months. The prevalence of caries, including white spot lesions, was 41.6%, and the mean def-s was 1.7 (± 2.5). The most affected teeth were the maxillary incisors, and the most common lesion was the white spot. No significant associations were found between the prevalence of caries and socioeconomic status, frequency of oral hygiene, nocturnal bottle- and breast-feeding or cariogenic food and beverage intake during the day. However, the association between caries and oral hygiene quality (dental biofilm) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results suggest that the presence of a thick biofilm was the most important factor for the occurrence of early childhood caries in the evaluated sample

Cuidado à mulher no climatério participação da família e estudantes de enfermagem

Este estudo objetiva identificar a concepção de climatério para mulheres que o vivenciam bem como o papel de familiares e estudantes no cuidado a essas mulheres. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido em unidade básica de saúde. As participantes foram17 mulheres com mais de 40 anos que frequentaram o serviço de preventivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista semiestruturada após a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, sob protocolo de nº 2.440.117. Os dados obtidos foram tratados pela técnica de Análise Temática de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados abordam características sociodemográficas das participantes, e duas categorias temáticas: Desconhecendo o climatério; e Família, redes sociais e estudantes como estratégia de cuidado à mulher no climatério. Na primeira, as mulheres desconhecem o climatério e atrelam esta fase à menopausa, e na segunda, elas reconhecem que a família, estudantes e redes sociais são fortes aliados à terapêutica nessa fase da vida. &nbsp;Constatou-se um déficit de conhecimento das participantes sobre o climatério, além de mostrar a influência das redes sociais, familiares e estudantes de enfermagem, e a própria universidade como fontes de estratégias terapêuticas à mulher que vivencia o climatéri

Impact of soil moisture on crop yields over Brazilian semiarid

The objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between soil water content and rainfall with rice, beans, cassava and corn yields in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. Precipitation and modeled soil water content were compared to yields recorded at the county levels in this region. The results were also integrated over the area of the nine States that lie within the officially recognized region of semiarid climate in Brazil. The influence of water balance components was quantified by calculating their correlation coefficient with yields of the different crop species over the municipalities of the region. It was found that rainfall had higher correlation to crop yields over most of the region, while soil water content had lower values of correlation. This result is consistent with the fact that average root depth is 40 cm, lower than the layer of soil used in the model used to estimate soil water content (100 cm). Plants respond better to the precipitation in the top layers of soil, while the water storage in the deep layer of soil might be important only in other temporal and spatial scales of the hydrological cycle.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Soil preparation and NPK fertilization in the planting of five Atlantic Rainforest species in a clay extraction area

The occurrence of degraded areas worldwide grows each year and measures must be taken to mitigate degradation and to recover these areas. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of soil preparation and NPK levels on the growth of five native species of the Atlantic Rainforest in clay extraction area. The experimental design was randomized block in a split-split plot arrangement with four replications. Subsoiling and scarification soil preparation represented main plots.  Doses of NPK 04-14-08: 0; 40; 80;160; and 320 g pit-1 represented subplots and Atlantic Rainforest native species represented sub-subplots. Absolute growth rate, stem diameter and number of leaves were evaluated, 210 days after planting. The type of soil preparation did not influence the development of the species. The best dose for Dalbergia ecastaphyllum, Inga laurina, Protium heptaphyllum and Psidium cattleyanum were 176.49, 150.18, 199.25 and 166.48 g pit-1 of NPK, respectively. Schinus terebinthifolius was highly responsive to planting fertilization, being recommended 320 g pit-1 of NPK. All species are indicated for area recovery.The occurrence of degraded areas worldwide grows each year and measures must be taken to mitigate degradation and to recover these areas. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of soil preparation and NPK levels on the growth of five native species of the Atlantic Rainforest in clay extraction area. The experimental design was randomized block in a split-split plot arrangement with four replications. Subsoiling and scarification soil preparation represented main plots.  Doses of NPK 04-14-08: 0; 40; 80;160; and 320 g pit-1 represented subplots and Atlantic Rainforest native species represented sub-subplots. Absolute growth rate, stem diameter and number of leaves were evaluated, 210 days after planting. The type of soil preparation did not influence the development of the species. The best dose for Dalbergia ecastaphyllum, Inga laurina, Protium heptaphyllum and Psidium cattleyanum were 176.49, 150.18, 199.25 and 166.48 g pit-1 of NPK, respectively. Schinus terebinthifolius was highly responsive to planting fertilization, being recommended 320 g pit-1 of NPK. All species are indicated for area recovery

Positive Effects of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Supplementation and DietBra on Inflammation and Glycemic Profiles in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Class II/III Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Evidence on the effects of dietary interventions on inflammatory markers in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is scarce. Our study evaluated the effects of extra-virgin olive oil alone and in combination with a traditional Brazilian diet on inflammatory markers and glycemic profiles in adults with both T2DM and class II/III obesity. Methods: Adults aged 18-64 years with T2DM and class II/III obesity were randomized into two intervention groups: 1) extra-virgin olive oil only and 2) extra-virgin olive oil + a traditional Brazilian diet (OliveOil+DietBra). Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, anthropometry, biochemical markers and inflammatory markers were collected. The primary outcomes were glycemic parameters and inflammatory markers. The body mass index (BMI) and weight were the secondary outcomes. Results: Forty individuals with T2DM and class II/III obesity were enrolled, and 34 (85%) completed the intervention course. The intake of olive oil was 37.88 ± 12.50 mL/day in the olive oil group and 37.71 ± 12.23 mL/day in the OliveOil+DietBra group, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.484). Compared to the olive oil only group, the OliveOil+DietBra group had significantly lower levels of fasting insulin (p = 0.047) at the end of the intervention, whereas the other glycemic parameters were not altered. In the OliveOil+DietBra group, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α (p = 0.006) and adiponectin (p = 0.049) were lower and those of TNFα were higher (p = 0.037). There was a significant reduction in BMI and weight compared to the baseline values in the OliveOil+DietBra group (p = 0.015). Conclusions: The intervention with OliveOil+DietBra effectively decreased the levels of fasting insulin, IL-1α and adiponectin, suggesting its beneficial role in improving the inflammatory profiles and fasting insulin levels in adults with class II/III obesity and T2DM. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02463435

Captação de glutamato em fatias hipocampais expostas a um modelo de isquemia in vitro

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Macroscopic description of thoracic member musculature in Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766) (Rodentia, Cuniculidae)

Cuniculus paca (Mammalia: Cuniculidae), or ‘paca’ is a rodent species in great demand for its meat, which has led to domestication and development of paca farms in the Brazilian Amazon region, as well as in other states. Despite the growing consumption of paca meat, knowledge on muscle anatomy is still scarce. An anatomical description of paca forelimbs will form the basis for future zootechnical and veterinary studies, enabling the development of sustainable production in the Amazon region, as well as the preservation of the species. We studied forelimb anatomy in four (04) adult pacas from the Caboclinho Project of Catuaba Experimental Farm (UFAC) under IBAMA authorization n°509309. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and thoracic limbs were dissected, after which anatomical descriptions and photographic records were generated. We found that paca forelimb musculature is similar to that of other groups of domestic animals with regard to the origin and muscle insertion

ABC2-SPH risk score for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients : development, external validation and comparison with other available scores

Objectives: The majority of available scores to assess mortality risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) patients in the emergency department have high risk of bias. Therefore, this cohort aimed to develop and validate a score at hospital admission for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients and to compare this score with other existing ones. Methods: Consecutive patients (≥ 18 years) with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the participating hospitals were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a prediction model for inhospital mortality, based on the 3978 patients admitted between March–July, 2020. The model was validated in the 1054 patients admitted during August–September, as well as in an external cohort of 474 Spanish patients. Results: Median (25–75th percentile) age of the model-derivation cohort was 60 (48–72) years, and inhospital mortality was 20.3%. The validation cohorts had similar age distribution and in-hospital mortality. Seven significant variables were included in the risk score: age, blood urea nitrogen, number of comorbidities, C-reactive protein, SpO2/FiO2 ratio, platelet count, and heart rate. The model had high discriminatory value (AUROC 0.844, 95% CI 0.829–0.859), which was confirmed in the Brazilian (0.859 [95% CI 0.833–0.885]) and Spanish (0.894 [95% CI 0.870–0.919]) validation cohorts, and displayed better discrimination ability than other existing scores. It is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator (https://abc2sph.com/). Conclusions: An easy-to-use rapid scoring system based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients commonly available at hospital presentation was designed and validated for early stratification of in-hospital mortality risk of patients with COVID-19

ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO ENTRE LOS RESULTADOS DE LOS RECIÉN NACIDOS DE MUJERES SEROPOSITIVAS CON Y SIN USO DE ANTIRRETROVIRALES EN UNA MATERNIDAD PÚBLICA DE REFERENCIA DE LA REGIÓN NORTE

Descrever e analisar características de recém-nascidos filhos de gestantes vivendo com HIV, com ou sem tratamento adequado. Método: Estudo de coorte transversal quantitativo, retrospectivo, em uma maternidade de referência na região Norte do Brasil. O estudo incluiu gestantes que deram entrada no serviço e seus recém-nascidos (RN), de janeiro a dezembro de 2021, que testaram positivo para HIV na triagem pré-natal. Foram coletados dados maternos e dos RN, que foram analisados no Microsoft Excel 2010. A independência ou associação entre variáveis foi avaliada pelo teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, através do Bioestat 5.5 e GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 e foram significantes valores p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 139 gestantes, maioria com idade entre 20 e 39 anos (118/85,6%). A maior parte (n=126/90,6%) havia realizado pré-natal, entretanto menos de seis consultas médicas (n=102/73,4%). Do total, 80,6%(n=112) realizaram tratamento antirretroviral adequado e constatou-se que 60,4% (n=83) iniciou tratamento antes da gestação e 87,8% (n=122) VDRL negativo. A maioria dos RN (132/95%) foi pré-termo, de tamanho adequado para a idade gestacional (n=120/86,3%) e com ausência de malformações (133/95.6%). A maioria (n=124/89,2%) foi encaminhada para o alojamento conjunto, 7,9% (n=11) necessitaram de intervenções e 1,4% (n=2) evoluíram a óbito, sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Dentre os dados analisados referentes às gestantes vivendo com HIV e os seus RN, constatou-se que pouco mais da metade destas iniciaram o tratamento antirretroviral antes da gestação. Não houve diferenças com significância estatística entre os grupos que realizaram ou não tratamento adequado.Objective: To describe and analyze characteristics of newborns born to pregnant women living with HIV, with or without adequate treatment. Method: A retrospective quantitative cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in a reference maternity hospital in the North region of Brazil. The study included pregnant women admitted to the service and their newborns (NB), from January to December 2021, who tested positive for HIV in prenatal screening. Maternal and newborn data were collected and analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2010. Independence or association between variables was assessed by chi-square or Fisher's exact test using Bioestat 5.5 and GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 and p values ≤ 0.05 were significant. Results: The study included 139 pregnant women, majority aged between 20 and 39 years (118/85.6%). Most (n=126/90.6%) had performed prenatal care, however less than six medical visits (n=102/73.4%). Of the total, 80.6%(n=112) were on adequate antiretroviral treatment and 60.4% (n=83) were found to have started treatment before pregnancy and 87.8% (n=122) VDRL negative. Most RNs (132/95%) were preterm, of adequate size for gestational age (n=120/86.3%) and with absence of malformations (133/95.6%). The majority (n=124/89.2%) were referred to rooming-in, 7.9% (n=11) required interventions and 1.4% (n=2) died, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Among the data analyzed regarding pregnant women living with HIV and their newborns, it was found that a little more than half of them started antiretroviral treatment before pregnancy. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups that did or did not receive adequate treatment.Descrever e analisar características de recém-nascidos filhos de gestantes vivendo com HIV, com ou sem tratamento adequado. Método: Estudo de coorte transversal quantitativo, retrospectivo, em uma maternidade de referência na região Norte do Brasil. O estudo incluiu gestantes que deram entrada no serviço e seus recém-nascidos (RN), de janeiro a dezembro de 2021, que testaram positivo para HIV na triagem pré-natal. Foram coletados dados maternos e dos RN, que foram analisados no Microsoft Excel 2010. A independência ou associação entre variáveis foi avaliada pelo teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, através do Bioestat 5.5 e GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 e foram significantes valores p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 139 gestantes, maioria com idade entre 20 e 39 anos (118/85,6%). A maior parte (n=126/90,6%) havia realizado pré-natal, entretanto menos de seis consultas médicas (n=102/73,4%). Do total, 80,6%(n=112) realizaram tratamento antirretroviral adequado e constatou-se que 60,4% (n=83) iniciou tratamento antes da gestação e 87,8% (n=122) VDRL negativo. A maioria dos RN (132/95%) foi pré-termo, de tamanho adequado para a idade gestacional (n=120/86,3%) e com ausência de malformações (133/95.6%). A maioria (n=124/89,2%) foi encaminhada para o alojamento conjunto, 7,9% (n=11) necessitaram de intervenções e 1,4% (n=2) evoluíram a óbito, sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Dentre os dados analisados referentes às gestantes vivendo com HIV e os seus RN, constatou-se que pouco mais da metade destas iniciaram o tratamento antirretroviral antes da gestação. Não houve diferenças com significância estatística entre os grupos que realizaram ou não tratamento adequado.Describir y analizar las características de los recién nacidos de mujeres embarazadas que viven con VIH, con o sin tratamiento adecuado. Método: Estudio cuantitativo transversal de cohortes, retrospectivo, en una maternidad de referencia en el norte de Brasil. El estudio incluyó a mujeres embarazadas que fueron admitidas en el servicio y sus recién nacidos (NB), de enero a diciembre de 2021, que dieron positivo para el VIH en el cribado prenatal. Los datos maternos y neonatales fueron recolectados y analizados en Microsoft Excel 2010. La independencia o asociación entre variables fue evaluada por la prueba chi-cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fisher, a través de Bioestat 5,5 y GraphPad Prism 8,4.3 y fueron valores de p significativos ≤ 0,05. Resultados: El estudio incluyó a 139 embarazadas, la mayoría con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 39 años (118/85,6%). La mayoría de ellas (n=126/90,6%) habían sido atendidas prenatalmente, pero menos de seis consultas médicas (n=102/73,4%). Del total, 80,6% (n=112) se sometieron a tratamiento antirretroviral adecuado y se encontró que 60,4% (n=83) iniciaron tratamiento antes del embarazo y 87,8% (n=122) VDRL negativo. La mayoría de los RN (132/95%) fueron prematuros, de tamaño adecuado para la edad gestacional (n=120/86,3%) y con ausencia de malformaciones (133/95,6%). La mayoría (n = 124/89,2%) fueron remitidos a alojamiento, el 7,9% (n = 11) requirieron intervenciones y el 1,4% (n = 2) murieron, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos.