Fareeha Zafar. Canals, Colonies and Class: British Policy in the Punjab 1880- 1940. Lahore, Pakistan: Lahore School of Economics. 2017. xxii + 317 pages. Price not given.

Fareeha Zafar’s book Canals, Colonies and Class: British Policy in the Punjab 1880-1940 is essentially an edited reproduction of her PhD thesis, The Impact of Canal Construction on the Rural Structures of the Punjab: The Canal Colony Districts, 1880 To 1940. The thesis was completed about 35 years ago at the School of Oriental and African Studies, the University of London (now SOAS, the University of London). She studies the British colonisation process in the Punjab and its effect on the local environment, the production patterns, and social relations, understanding that despite several similar studies on the region, no serious effort had been made to synthesise these issues the way she does in this book. However, in the form of a new book, the synthesis does not add much value as it reiterates the British colonisers’ well-known strategies, namely irrigation development as a tool to settle disarmed forces and nomads and, thereby, strengthening a class of local landed elite to maintain their power in the colonies, their revenue-seeking policies, indebtedness of the landed class and alike. Nevertheless, considering the timing of the original contribution, the book, if read together with the contributions such as Khuhro (1978/1999) and Cheesman (1997), provides a relatively rich description of geographers’ analyses of the British policies, their intentions, and their effects

Floor Brouwer (ed.) Sustaining Agriculture and the Rural Environment: Governance, Policy and Multifunctionality. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. 2004 (Reprinted 2016). Xi+360 pages. U.K. £98.10 (Hardback).

The edited book, “Sustaining Agriculture and the Rural Environment”, is largely a European contribution to the Ecological Economics. It provides a useful review of ‘multifunctionality’ as the central attribute of the European Model of Agriculture (EMA) and its applied value to other developing countries. Brouwer introduces the book (in Chapter 1) with a premise that jointly with food and fibre, the European farmers also produce ‘public goods’ such as landscapes and biodiversity management, cultural heritage, and viable rural communities. He warms up the reader to digest what follows in the book with a quick overview of the market for these positive externalities and strategies for their continuous supply in the European Union’s Common Agriculture Policy. This paves the way for rest of the book, which is organised into four parts and seventeen chapters

Emerging Issues in the Implementation of Irrigation and Drainage Sector Reforms in Sindh, Pakistan

Ever increasing demand for food, electricity and domestic water use due to rapid growth in population has remained a key challenge for Pakistan since the 1950s. The country has invested heavily in water engineering projects to establish the world’s largest gravity-driven irrigation network on the Indus [Bandaragoda (2006); Bengali (2009)]. Besides fulfilling a significant proportion of the country’s energy demand from hydro-power installations, the system irrigates about 14 million hectares of farmlands and supports agriculture sector to contribute about 21 percent of the GDP, 60 percent of the exports and 45 percent of the labour force [Bhutta (2006); Pakistan (2012)]. Amidst its development, the elaborated irrigation facility has left a deep footprint on productivity and environment of the basin itself in the form of the rising levels of water-logging and salinity and the degradation of deltaic ecology [Briscoe and Qamar (2009); Memon and Thapa (2011)]. By the 1960s, every year about 40,000 hectares of fertile farmlands were turning into wastelands because of water-logging and salinity in the basin [Bhutta (2006); Mulk (2009); Qureshi, et al. (2008)]. Therefore, the country had no option but to develop a remedial drainage network of thousands of kilometres of drains and numerous tube wells parallel to the existing irrigation infrastructure

Journey’s Way: Resources & Programs for Seniors

https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/bridging_gaps2016/1002/thumbnail.jp

Evaluation of growth regulatory effect of chitin and chitin based derivatives extracted from fresh water crustaceans

The present investigation was carried out to investigate the natural growth supplement in fields as an alternative source instead of synthetic and traditional fertilizers. Since the traditional and synthetic fertilizers used in fields causes toxicity in the grains etc. and thus are lethal to the lives of flora and fauna that resides within the soil and also to humans. The study thus focused to explore some natural products/molecules which can be utilized as growth regulator and supplement in the fields which shows no toxicity. In the present investigation, natural polysaccharide viz. chitin was extracted from fresh water crustaceans and its derivatives (chitosan) was prepared by the process of deacetylation by the treatment of chitin with 40% (w/v) NaOH at 120oC for 3h. The growth regulating effect of crustacean waste, extracted chitin and chitin based derivatives viz. chitosan on mung bean seeds was observed by the treatment of sterilized mung bean seeds with these products for 12 h to 96 h. Non-treated seeds with these products was used as negative control while seeds treated with standard chitin (as procured from Hi-Media Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India) was used as the reference positive control. The results were found to be very surprising as the seeds treated with chitin and chitin based derivatives showed significant germination. It was found that seeds treated with crustacean waste and standard chitin promotes prominent growth regulating activities with the passage of time. It was found that 50% germination in mung bean seeds (treated with crustacean waste and standard chitin) occurred after 96h in comparison to standard; extracted chitin and chitosan treated seeds (33%)

MEASURING REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL (RSUD) DAYA MAKASSAR PERFORMANCE WITH CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING APPROACH

This research aims to look at how the mechanism of performance evaluation and measurement using contemporary management accounting methods to provide comprehensive and long-term insightful performance information and identify critical success factors. This research uses primary and secondary data through questionnaires, interviews and written data documentation. Data analysis method used is strategy mapping approach using the Balanced Scorecard. The results showed that the performance of Daya Makassar Hospital was stated to be good. It refers to the four perspectives of the assessed Balanced Scorecard. From the customer's perspective, it can be stated as good at the level of satisfaction of patients who are satisfied. From an internal business perspective it is also said to be good by looking at each of the overall assessment indicators as well. In the perspective of growth and development is also expressed well by looking at indicators that meet the standard. From a financial perspective it is declared good because it has reached a level of efficiency

MENGGAGAS KODE ETIK AKUNTAN PUBLIK DALAM BINGKAI NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL BUDAYA BUGIS

With knowledge, understanding, a better willingness to apply moral and ethical values adequately to reduce various ethical violations, it is necessary to have an in-depth study from various perspectives on the ineffectiveness of the application of accounting professional ethics in Indonesia. This study wants to provide a new perspective to initiate a code of ethics for public accountants with the perspective of local wisdom values for Bugis culture. This type of research is classified as a qualitative descriptive study using a Postmodern Ethnographic approach. This research data collection method from the results of interviews with informants using Spradley's ethnographic method. The results of this study indicate that the combination of the values of the life of lempu, getteng, warani and acca can strengthen auditors in holding tight to the principles of integrity, objectivity, competence and confidentiality in the code of ethics, which are wrapped in the values of siri 'life that make public accountants professional in carrying out their work and added work motivation with reso life values, all the values of life will be integrated into the soul in a public accountant. Keywords: Ethics; Code of Ethics; Bugis Cultural Local Wisdom Values

Distribution System Power Losses Minimization Using Network Reconfiguration

This paper shows an efficacious approach for the perfect arrangement of a distribution system. To discover the switches best fusion, which outcomes a minimal power loss for the distribution radial configuration. To resolve the non-linear optimization problem here Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) technique is projected for the minimization of system power losses. MPSO is an improved Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) with modification of particle velocity in search space. To reveal the fitness of the anticipated approach relative investigation of MPSO with other preceding optimization techniques is done. To reconfigure a distribution network system, under base case loading conditions, IEEE 33 bus radial system is used. It is inspected that MPSO executes well as compare to GA, ACA and SPSO in respective of significance of power losses, which are improved and minimized up to 138.9275kW and profile of voltage, which are enhanced and stabilized up to 0.94234 per unit in terms of minimum voltage in the system

Redo coronary artery surgery; early and intermediate outcomes from a tertiary care hospital in a developing country

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes of re-operative coronary artery surgery in a tertiary care hospital in a developing country. METHOD: Preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative variables were analyzed in 82 consecutive patients who underwent re-operative coronary surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.3 +/- 7.7 years, 91.2% were male and 9.8% female. Coronary artery disease risk factors were present in more than 50% of the patients. History of preoperative myocardial infarction was positive in 56% patients. There was strong clinical and angiographic indication for surgery with unstable angina in 50% patients and \u3e 80% had multivessel disease. Only 5% patients were in functional class I. The risk stratification showed a mean Euro score of 8. The IABP was used in 20% patients. A mean of 3.1 grafts per patient were applied. The median cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross clamp time was 144 minutes respectively. Postoperative mortality was 7.3%. Short-term follow up revealed 74% of the patients in NYHA functional class I. CONCLUSION: Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting is challenging but with expertise, team effort can be performed with good functional outcome