Mass in Right Iliac Fossa- Clinicopathogical Evaluation

To identify clinico-pathologicalentities presenting as mass in right iliac fossa.Methods: In this observational study patients ofmass in right iliac fossa were recruited. All patientswho presented with sign and symptoms of mass inright iliac fossa were investigated and subjected toconservative or operative managements dependingupon the cause and response to conservativemanagement.Results: Appendicular mass (33.7%) was thecommonest finding, followed by cecalcarcinoma(9.8%), ileocecal tuberculosis(9.8%), psoasabcess (7.6%), retroperitoneal dermoid(3.3%), worminfestation (3.3%) and lymphoma (3.3%).Conclusion: Appendicular mass is the main causeof mass in right iliac fossa, with a wide range ofother causes

Angular Kinematics and Physical Fitness Analysis of Tall height and Short Height Javelin Throwers- A Case Study of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

This study was designed to compare the physical fitness and angular position of the university level javelin throwers. Eight tall height and (n = 08) short height javelin throwers were selected for data collection. A handgrip dynamometer, stadiometer, and weight balance were used for the measurements of physical fitness. Two video cameras a Kinovea software was utilized for video analysis of the Javelin throws. The selected variables were stature, body mass, standing broad jump, maximum bench press handgrip strength, the javelin throw distance. The angle of knee joint, elbow joints, and stride length was selected variables while performing the javelin throw. An independent t-test was applied to find mean difference among tall and short height javelin thrower. The result showed the distance of javelin throw, handgrip strength, maximum bench press, vertical jump, and standing broad jump of tall height throwers were significantly higher than short height javelin throwers. On the other hand, the tall height throwers were also significantly higher in extension of right elbow, right knee, and stride length than the short height at the time of the javelin release from hand. It was concluded the longer arms, body mass, and angular kinematics of javelin throwers are associated with the better performance. It is suggested the physical fitness would be include in the selection of javelin throw and angular movement of the right knee and elbow focused on training of javelin thrower

2,2′-(4-Methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-di­yl)dibenzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C15H15N5O4S2, the dihedral angles between the central 1,2,4-triazole ring and the pendant benzene rings are 55.61 (10) and 68.59 (10)°; the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 63.66 (9)°. Intra­molecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(7) and S(12) rings, respectively. In the crystal, sheets extending in the (101) plane arise, with the mol­ecules linked by C—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O inter­actions. A C—H⋯π inter­action further consolidates the structure

Morphology and natural enemies of Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) (Homoptera: aphididae) from Punjab, Pakistan

Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is recorded from Pothohar tract of Punjab Province of Pakistan from different localities on Lagerstroemia indica L. A taxonomic note along with necessary measurements is discussed. Drawings of important characters are given. Its host range, world distribution and distribution in Pakistan have been given. Information regarding the natural enemies of this aphid pest has also been given

Enhanced production of butyric acid by solid-state fermentation of rice polishings by a mutant strain of Clostridium tyrobutyricum

Purpose: To enhance butyric acid production by solid-state fermentation with a hyper-producing mutant of Clostridium tyrobutyricum generated by random mutagenesis.Methods: Wild type C. tyrobutyricum was mutagenized with UV irradiation, nitrous acid, and ethidium bromide to obtain a hyper-producing strain. Various physiochemical parameters were optimized to increase the butyric acid yield.Results: The UV-induced mutant (C.TUV) produced significantly higher concentrations of butyric acid than the wild type parent, nitrous acid-induced, and ethidium bromide-induced strains. C.TUV increased butyric acid production 1.4-fold more than the parent strain. Fermentation with C.TUV with 2.5 g of rice polishings (w/w), a 2 % inoculum volume (v/v), and a 48-h incubation period at 37°C under anaerobic conditions produced 11.63 mg/100 g of butyric acid. The addition of 0.6 % corn steep liquor as a nitrogen source increased the butyric acid concentration to 26.09 mg/100 g.Conclusion: These optimized fermentation parameters on a small scale can be used on a commercial scale to mass-produce butyric acid.Keywords: Butyric acid, Mutant, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Mutagen, Solid-state fermentatio

Integrating ethics, health policy and health systems in low and middle income countries : case studies from Malaysia and Pakistan.

Scientific progress is a significant basis for change in public-health policy and practice, but the field also invests in value-laden concepts and responds daily to sociopolitical, cultural and evaluative concerns. The concepts that drive much of public-health practice are shaped by the collective and individual mores that define social systems. This paper seeks to describe the ethics processes in play when public-health mechanisms are established in low- and middle-income countries, by focusing on two cases where ethics played a crucial role in producing positive institutional change in public-health policy. First, we introduce an overview of the relationship between ethics and public health; second, we provide a conceptual framework for the ethical analysis of health system events, noting how this approach might enhance the power of existing frameworks; and third, we demonstrate the interplay of these frameworks through the analysis of a programme to enhance road safety in Malaysia and an initiative to establish a national ethics committee in Pakistan. We conclude that, while ethics are gradually being integrated into public-health policy decisions in many developing health systems, ethical analysis is often implicit and undervalued. This paper highlights the need to analyse public-health decision-making from an ethical perspective

Effects of probiotic on the intestinal morphology with special reference to the growth of broilers.

The probiotic (Protexin)® increases the growth rate in broilers. It must interfere with the intestinal cell morphology and absorption. The intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly renewed tissues in the body and is renewed by a process of continuous cell division. This study was carried out with an aim to establish a link between the use of probiotic doses, growth rate, and intestinal cell proliferation by measuring the length and weight of the intestine and intestinal crypt cell proliferation (CCP) of broiler chicks. The results revealed significant increase in intestinal CCP but no effect was observed on the intestinal weight and length. The increase in CCP has also no significant influence towards growth factor. The increased weight gain in this study is associated with more feed consumption which is observed with Protexin® dose 1.0 g / 10 kg of feed. Furthermore, feed consumption reduced beyond this dose may lead to reduced weight gain

Bridging the gaps among research, policy and practice in ten low- and middle-income countries: Development and testing of a questionnaire for researchers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A questionnaire could assist researchers, policymakers, and healthcare providers to describe and monitor changes in efforts to bridge the gaps among research, policy and practice. No questionnaire focused on researchers' engagement in bridging activities related to high-priority topics (or the potential correlates of their engagement) has been developed and tested in a range of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Country teams from ten LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Laos, Mexico, Pakistan, Senegal, and Tanzania) participated in the development and testing of a questionnaire. To assess reliability we calculated the internal consistency of items within each of the ten conceptual domains related to bridging activities (specifically Cronbach's alpha). To assess face and content validity we convened several teleconferences and a workshop. To assess construct validity we calculated the correlation between scales and counts (i.e., criterion measures) for the three countries that employed both and we calculated the correlation between different but theoretically related (i.e., convergent) measures for all countries.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for sets of related items was very high, ranging from 0.89 (0.86-0.91) to 0.96 (0.95-0.97), suggesting some item redundancy. Both face and content validity were determined to be high. Assessments of construct validity using criterion-related measures showed statistically significant associations for related measures (with gammas ranging from 0.36 to 0.73). Assessments using convergent measures also showed significant associations (with gammas ranging from 0.30 to 0.50).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>While no direct comparison can be made to a comparable questionnaire, our findings do suggest a number of strengths of the questionnaire but also the need to reduce item redundancy and to test its capacity to monitor changes over time.</p