Pemahaman Konsep Tata NAMA Senyawa Biner dan Poliatomik Pasca Pembelajaran Menggunakan LKS-Deduktif dan LKS-Induktif pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019

Ada dua strategi belajar yang dapat digunakan siswa dalam mempelajari pengetahuan yaitu menggunakan strategi berpikir deduktif maupun induktif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep tata nama senyawa biner dan poliatomik pasca pembelajaran menggunakan LKS-deduktif dan LKS-induktif pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan melibatkan 78 siswa dari dua kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya, yaitu siswa kelas X IPA 3 (kelas deduktif) sebanyak 40 orang siswa dan siswa kelas X IPA 7 (kelas induktif) sebanyak 38 orang siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa LKS-deduktif, LKS-induktif dan soal tes pemahaman konsep. Data tes diperoleh setelah melakukan pembelajaran menggunakan LKS-deduktif dan LKS-induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa “pemahaman konsep tata nama senyawa biner dan poliatomik pasca pembelajaran menggunakan LKS-deduktif dan LKS-induktif pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya tahun ajaran 2018/2019 tergolong baik. Rata-rata pemahaman konsep siswa yang menggunakan LKS-deduktif sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan siswa yang menggunakan LKS-induktif. Hasil tersebut disebabkan karena siswa terbiasa menggunakan strategi belajar deduktif.

Betti numbers for numerical semigroup rings

We survey results related to the magnitude of the Betti numbers of numerical semigroup rings and of their tangent cones.Comment: 22 pages; v2: updated references. To appear in Multigraded Algebra and Applications (V. Ene, E. Miller Eds.

Means to an End: An Assessment of the Status-blind Approach to Protecting Undocumented Worker Rights

This article applies the tenets of bureaucratic incorporation theory to an investigation of bureaucratic decision making in labor standards enforcement agencies (LSEAs), as they relate to undocumented workers. Drawing on 25 semistructured interviews with high-level officials in San Jose and Houston, I find that bureaucrats in both cities routinely evade the issue of immigration status during the claims-making process, and directly challenge employers’ attempts to use the undocumented status of their workers to deflect liability. Respondents offer three institutionalized narratives for this approach: (1) to deter employer demand for undocumented labor, (2) the conviction that the protection of undocumented workers is essential to the agency’s ability to regulate industry standards for all workers, and (3) to clearly demarcate the agency’s jurisdictional boundaries to preserve institutional autonomy and scarce resources. Within this context, enforcing the rights of undocumented workers becomes simply an institutional means to an end

DNA multigene characterization of Fasciola hepatica and Lymnaea neotropica and its fascioliasis transmission capacity in Uruguay, with historical correlation, human report review and infection risk analysis

Fascioliasis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease emerging in recent decades, in part due to the effects of climate and global changes. South America is the continent presenting more numerous human fascioliasis endemic areas and the highest Fasciola hepatica infection prevalences and intensities known in humans. These serious public health scenarios appear mainly linked to altitude areas in Andean countries, whereas lowland areas of non-Andean countries, such as Uruguay, only show sporadic human cases or outbreaks. To understand this difference, we characterized F. hepatica from cattle and horses and lymnaeids of Uruguay by sequencing of ribosomal DNA ITS-2 and ITS-1 spacers and mitochondrial DNA cox1, nad1 and 16S genes. Results indicate that vectors belong to Lymnaea neotropica instead of to Lymnaea viator, as always reported from Uruguay. Our correlation of fasciolid and lymnaeid haplotypes with historical data on the introduction and spread of livestock species into Uruguay allow to understand the molecular diversity detected. We study the life cycle and transmission features of F. hepatica by L. neotropica of Uruguay under standardized experimental conditions to enable a comparison with the transmission capacity of F. hepatica by Galba truncatula at very high altitude in Bolivia. Results demonstrate that although L. neotropica is a highly efficient vector in the lowlands, its transmission capacity is markedly lower than that of G. truncatula in the highlands. On this baseline, we review the human fascioliasis cases reported in Uruguay and analyze the present and future risk of human infection in front of future climate change estimations

Comparative genomic analysis of 31 Phytophthora genomes reveal genome plasticity and horizontal gene transfer

Phytophthora species are oomycete plant pathogens that cause great economic and ecological impacts. The Phytophthora genus includes over 180 known species, infecting a wide range of plant hosts including crops, trees, and ornamentals. We sequenced 31 individual Phytophthora species genomes and 24 individual transcriptomes to study genetic relationships across the genus. De novo genome assemblies revealed variation in genome sizes, numbers of predicted genes, and in repetitive element content across the Phytophthora genus. A genus-wide comparison evaluated orthologous groups of genes. Predicted effector gene counts varied across Phytophthora species by effector family, genome size, as well as plant host range. Predicted numbers of apoplastic effectors increased as the host range of Phytophthora species increased. Predicted numbers of cytoplasmic effectors also increased with host range but leveled off or decreased in Phytophthora species that have enormous host ranges. With extensive sequencing across the Phytophthora genus we now have the genomic resources to evaluate horizontal gene transfer events across the oomycetes. Using a machine learning approach to identify horizontally transferred genes with bacterial or fungal origin we identified 44 candidates over 36 Phytophthora species genomes. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that the transfers of most of these 44 candidates happened in parallel to major advances in the evolution of the oomycetes and Phytophthoras. We conclude that the 31 genomes presented here are essential for investigating genus-wide genomic associations in Phytophthora