Determination of Catechol in Beer Besed on Amperometric Biosensor Potato Tissue

利用土豆组织构建了测定啤酒中邻苯二酚含量的安培型生物传感器.考察了各种实验变量如植物组织的种类,植物组织、石墨粉、液体石蜡的比例,底液的pH值及工作电位对土豆组织传感器响应电流的影响,并研究了土豆组织传感器的分析特性和动力学参数.在3.39×10-5~4.75×10-4mol/L邻苯二酚浓度范围内,土豆组织传感器的动力学响应与邻苯二酚浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.990 7.传感器的响应时间为332 s,表观米氏常数Km为1.14mmol.传感器具有良好的重现性和稳定性.用该传感器测定了啤酒样品中邻苯二酚的含量. An amperometric biosensor has been fabricated based on potato tissue and carbon paste for the determitation of catechol in beer. Effects of some experimental variables such as type of the plant tissue, ratio of the plant tissue/graphite/Nujol, buffer pH, and working potential on the current response of the biosensor were investigated respectively. Analytical characteristics and dynamic parameters of the biosensors were studied. The biosensor fabricated under optimal conditions had a linear response to the eatechol over the range 3. 390 × 10^-5mol / L to 4. 746 × 10^-4mol / L with a correlation coefficient of 0. 9907. Response time and apparent Michaelis - Menten constant Km of the of the sensor are 33s and 1. 14 mmol, respectively. This method has been used to determine the catechol content in beer.广西自然科学基金资助项目(0639025);广西高校中青年百名学科带头人基金项目(RC20060703005

磷钨酸和干燥处理提高植物样品显微CT成像对比度的方法

显微CT技术是一种非破坏性的三维成像技术,在医学、地质学、材料学等方面有着广泛的应用,在植物成像方面也是一种前景很好的技术手段。但植物组织主要由轻元素构成,X射线成像对比度很低,其应用受到很大限制。本文在前人的研究基础上,使用不同浓度的磷钨酸处理不同植物样品,比较不同处理时间、不同植物结构的差异,经CO_2临界点干燥后再扫描等前处理方法对显微CT成像效果的影响,探索出增强植物材料成像对比度的处理流程,使其更适用于显微CT扫描

硅表面清洗对热氧化13nm SiO_2可靠性的影响

实验研究表明热生长13nm薄SiO_2的可靠性同氧化前硅表面清洗处理方法有很关系。氧化前稀HF酸及HF/乙醇漂洗不会提高热氧化薄SiO_2的可靠性；氧化前用NH_4OH/H_2O_2/H_2O(0.05:2:5)溶液清洗形成化学预氧化层对提高薄SiO_2可靠性很有效；用H_2SO_4/H_2O_2(3:1)溶液清洗形成预氧化层的改善作用也较明显，在之间增加比例为0.05:2:5或1:2:5的NH_4OH/H_2O_2/H_2O溶液清洗和稀HF酸漂洗效果更好。另外，薄栅介质抗电离辐射性能和抗热电子损伤能力同氧化前形成化学预氧化层的清洗液种类关系不大，电离辐射对薄栅介质击穿特性的影响不明显

Preparations of Nano-Manganite Loaded Titanium Electocatalytic Membrane Electrode for Phenolic Wastewater Treatment

以多孔钛膜为基膜，醋酸锰为锰源，采用溶胶凝胶法制备出负载纳米氧化锰的钛基电催化膜（nano-MnOx/Ti膜）. 运用X射线衍射(XRD)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、循环伏安法(CV)、交流阻抗法（EIS）和计时电流法(CA)等测试手段，对MnOx/Ti膜电极的微观形貌、晶型、电化学性能等进行表征. 结果表明：所得催化剂是由直径为50 nm的γ-MnO2和Mn2O3纳米棒所组成，且均匀分布于Ti膜上，负载催化剂后钛膜电极电化学性能和催化性能明显提高，催化剂与基体之间键合的形成提高其稳定性. 以棒状nano-MnOx/Ti膜电极为阳极构建电催化膜反应器(ECMR)处理含酚废水，当苯酚溶液浓度为10 mmol·L-1，电流密度为0.25mA·cm-2、停留时间为15 min时，COD去除率可达95.1%.Nano-manganese oxide loaded on titanium electrocatalytic membrane electrodes (nano-MnOx/Ti) were synthesized bysol-gel method using porous Ti membrane as a substrate and the manganese acetate as a raw material without releasing NOx. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were employed to characterize crystal form, valence state and surface morphology of nano-MnOx, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA) were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of nano-MnOx electrode. The results indicated that the MnOx catalysts consisted of γ-MnO2 and Mn2O3 nanorods with the diameter of 50 nm, which distributed uniformly on the Ti membrane. The electrochemical performance and catalytic performance of the membrane electrode improved obviously after the loading of the catalyst. The formation of chemical bond between Ti and MnOx led a good stability of MnOx/Ti membrane electrode. The electrocatalytic membrane reactor (ECMR) was assmblied by using nanorods the MnOx/Ti membrane as an anode and a stainless steel mesh as a cathode for the phenolic wastewater treatment (10 mmol·L-1). It was found that the COD removal rate of ECMR was up to 95.1% at current density of 0.25 mA·cm-2and residence time of 15 min.国家自然科学基金（No.21676200，No.21576208）、教育部创新团队发展计划（No.IRT-17R80）、天津科学支撑计划（No.17JCYBJC19800）、先进能源材料化学“111引智基地”（No.B12015）和天津市大学生创新创业项目资助（No.201510058083）作者联系地址：1. 天津工业大学材料科学与工程学院，分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室，天津300387； 2. 南开大学先进能源材料化学教育部重点实验室，天津300071； 3. 山东省生态纺织协同创新中心，山东青岛266071Author's Address: 1.State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; 3.Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials