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以气代天和仪礼分裂背景下的孔子民德守护——从生、性概念的系谱学分析入手
Authors
张可越
Publication date
5 January 2019
Publisher
Abstract
生、性二字,古字通用,其意涵却大为不同,可区分为生性、气性两套概念结构。通过对先秦文献和历史事实的系谱学梳理,我们发现生性概念关联着天命、民意、君德,构成一个万物共生、同足大欲的主体间性概念群。气性概念关联着命、礼、私德,构成一个个人趋利避害、自求多福的主体性概念群。生性多见于周初文献,而气性则晚出在春秋中后期。两组概念的嬗变伴随着以气代天和仪礼分裂的思想史、政治史事件。可以说,在春秋中叶主体间性和民德理想已经失落,而孔子正是在这种背景下用仁勾连气、天,以道德情欲升华自然情欲,以此规避情欲异化和主体性的自私,用一种既复古又革新的仁学守护了民生、民德。这之后的儒学大师如孟子、荀子,都承续着孔子所指明的厚生爱物之理想,而其继往开来就是中华民族刚健自强、生生不息的历史
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Last time updated on 20/11/2020