AN Alexandrou

B Lautrup

CT Crowe

DP Fornell

E Mach

F Vera

FM White

Grunde Jomaas

H Oertel

IH Shames

JJ Theobald

JM Fay

JN Vestal

JW Warren

MA Wieder

MJ Karter

ML Albertson

NFPA 1410

Peter B. Sunderland

RG Purington

RP Feynman

S Nazarenko

Selena K. Chin

WF Crapo

WP Graebel

Crossref

Fire Technology

Firefighter Nozzle Reaction

Nozzle reaction and hose tension are analyzed using conservation of fluid momentum and assuming steady, inviscid flow and a flexible hose in frictionless contact with the ground. An expression that is independent of the bend angle is derived for the hose tension. If this tension is exceeded owing to anchor forces, the hose becomes straight. The nozzle reaction is found to equal the jet momentum flow rate, and it does not change when an elbow connects the hose to the nozzle. A forward force must be exerted by a firefighter or another anchor that matches the forward force that the jet would exert on a perpendicular wall. Three reaction expressions are derived, allowing it to be determined in terms of hose diameter, jet diameter, flow rate, and static pressure upstream of the nozzle. The nozzle reaction predictions used by the fire service are 56% to 90% of those obtained here for typical firefighting hand lines. Sharing these findings with the fire protection community can improve the safety of firefighters

Chin, Selena K.

Sunderland, Peter B.

Jomaas, Grunde

Online Research Database In Technology

Edinburgh Research Explorer

http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/137621163/Firefighter_Nozzle_Reaction_Chin_Jomaas_Sunderland_Fire_Technology_.pdf

Firefighter Nozzle Reaction

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Crossref

Online Research Database In Technology

Edinburgh Research Explorer