Mottram, Judith

Royal College of Art Research Repository

system, data and method in creative disciplinespractice and theory in the contemporary visual artsJudith Mottram, School of Material, Royal College of Art, Londonpinning jelly to the wallcreating form from fluffspinning yarns from gossippulling the wool overherding catsthinking in, through and with artthe creative process as pathwayrefusing every explanatory gazepuncturing the comfort zoneFocusSystem– How artists work– How artists’ reputations developData– The research field– Trouble with definitionsMethod– Artistic research – Psycho-physics, neuroscience & psychology– Interrogating visual creativity and its discoursePinning down paintWilli Bongard and the Art Compass, 1975-1985Art Aktuell newsletterCriteria for determining invest-abilitymuseum acquisition/exhibitionprivate collectioncritical appraisalgallery representationThe auction businessModelling the systemAlan Bowness and the conditions for successMihalyi Csikszentmihalyi and the conditions for creativityPierre Bourdieu and field of cultural production  David Galenson and what success can tell usOlav Velthuis and the symbolic meaning of pricesFake or fortune?Reputations, aesthetic objects and modelling systemsScope for data miningNew methods of tracking social networksArtprice.com artists, key figures and market trendsArtTactic.com unbiased art market researchArtfacts.net unlock the art marketArtinsight.co.uk talks and events delivering art market knowledge, insight and expertiseResearch in art & design and the research field - a history1960s 1st ten PhDs in art & design1970 Coldstream report1974 National Council for Diplomas in Art & Design merged with CNAA1984 CNAA statement on how to infuse teaching with a sense of critical enquiry1985 100th art & design PhD in the UK1988 CNAA conference: The Matrix of Research in Art & Design Education1992 Establishment of post-1992 universities1996 First substantial submission from Art & Design to RAE2000 500th PhD in Art & Design in the UK2010 Creative arts & design PhD completions reaching 500 p.a.The scale of the UK education field – first degrees0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Medicine & dentistrySubjects allied to medicineBiological sciencesVeterinary sciencesAgriculture & related subjectsPhysical sciencesMathematical sciencesComputer sciencesEngineering & technologyArchitecture, building & planningSocial studiesLawBusiness & administrative studiesMass communications & documentationLanguagesHistorical & philosophical studiesCreative arts & designEducationCombinedThousandssubjects of first degree graduates, UK universities, 2013-14 Scale of activity in different subjects0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Medicine & dentistrySubjects allied to medicineBiological sciencesVeterinary sciencesAgriculture & related subjectsPhysical sciencesMathematical sciencesComputer sciencesEngineering & technologyArchitecture, building & planningSocial studiesLawBusiness & administrative studiesMass communications & documentationLanguagesHistorical & philosophical studiesCreative arts & designEducationCombinedsubjects of first degree graduates and doctorates, UK universities, 2013-14 Doctorate scale is in 1000sFirst degree scale is in 10000sPhDs by subject, 1976-2005  - Art & Design Index to Theses0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160ArchitectureCraftDesign subjectsFine artPhoto/filmTextiles/fashionVis comCreative art &des otherSubject group total, 1976-2005, ADITDewey categorisation of EThoS records701-708 Standard subdivisions of fine and decorative arts701 Philosophy and theory of fine and decorative arts702 Miscellany of fine and decorative arts703 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances of fine and decorative arts704 Special topics in fine and decorative arts705 Serial publications of fine and decorative arts706 Organizations and management of fine and decorative arts707 Education, research, related topics of fine and decorative arts708 Galleries, museums, private collections of fine and decorative arts709 History, geographic treatment, biography730 Sculpture and related arts  731-735 Sculpture 732 Sculpture from earliest times to ca. 500, sculpture of nonliterate peoples 733 †Greek, Etruscan, Roman sculpture  734 *Sculpture from ca. 500 to 1399  735.2 Specific periods  735.21 *1400-1799 735.22 *1800-1899 736-739 Other plastic arts  736-739 Other plastic arts 736 Carving and carvings 737 Numismatics and sigillography 738 Ceramic arts 739 Art metalwork  740 Graphic arts & decorative arts 740 Graphic arts [formerly 760] and decorative arts 741 Drawing and drawing 742 Perspective in drawing 743 *Drawing and drawings by subject [744][Unassigned] 745 Decorative arts 746Textile arts 747 Interior decoration 748 Glass 749 Furniture and accessories  750 Painting 750Painting and paintings 751*Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials, forms 752*Color 753-758Iconography 759History, geographic treatment, biography 759.01-759.07 Periods of development 759.01*Nonliterate peoples, and earliest times to 499 759.02 *500-1399 759.03 *1400-1599 759.04 *1600-1799 759.05 *1800-1899 759.06*1900-1999 759.07*2000-2099  760Printmaking and prints 760[.044]Iconography of graphic arts  760[.09]History, geographic treatment, biography of graphic arts 760.1Philosophy and theory 760.2Miscellany 760.7Education, research, related topics 760[.9]History, geographic treatment, biography 761-767 Printmaking [768][Unassigned] 769 Prints PhDs by subject, 2008-2012British Library Dewey classification0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500philosophy and theory of fine and decorative artsmiscellany of fine and decorative artsspecial topics in fine and decorative artseducation, research, related topics of fine and decorative artsgalleries, museums, private collections of fine and decorative artssculture and related artssculptureother plastic artsceramic artsart metalworkgraphic artsdrawingdecorative artstextile artsglasspaintingtechniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials, formsiconography1900-1999printsart & craft PhD theses 2008-2012 by Dewey categoryData and the trouble with definitionsData-driven demands of the modern workplace Count us in: Quantitative Skills for a New GenerationStatistics may rule our lives, but they are no way to measure the true value of the arts (Andrew Marr, Observer, 29.07.01)Black box theory Caillois wanted to cut the bean open to find out its secret, while Breton was offended by such a suggestion, arguing that such an approach would dispel the bean’s mystery and undermine its potential for poetic speculation in its viewers’ minds (Marquard Smith, Post-screen literacy, 2015)05001000150020002500300035004000output types in art & design RAE and REF submissions2001 2008 2014Output types History sub-panel and main panel B050010001500200025003000History sub-panel REF output types05000100001500020000250003000035000400004500050000output types in REF submission Main Panel B Artistic research and its methodsArtistic research is …  any kind of production or original use and dissemination of knowledge – that artists make as part of or in connection with their artistic creativity (Soren Kjorup 2010)…the trans- or interdisciplinary research conducted by artists in their artistic practices in not characterised by an objective, empirical approach (Henk Slager2010)‘spasmic, interdisciplinary probes, haphazard cognitive investigations, dissipating interaction, and imaginary archiving’ (Sarat Maharaj, 2004)A process of investigation leading to new insights effectively sharedPsycho-physics and something to seeLooking at paintings againExperts and non-experts?Looking at what the critics seeWhat is said about colour?New perspectives from neuroscience & psychologyNeuroscienceRamachandran’s 10 aesthetic lawsIntegration of ‘old’ and ‘new’ aestheticsPsychologyCognitive psychology and the conditions for creativityGestalt psychology and figural goodnessWood, trees, or pencils in waiting?And as for interpretation….International Art EnglishComparisons with linguistic corporaPhD abstracts, Art & Craft, 2008-2013International Colour Association Conference abstracts 2013Selected exhibition reviews and catalogue essays 1992-4 & 2012-14

System, data and method in creative disciplines

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