Papillary thyroid cancer has increased in incidence dramatically over the past three decades making it the fastest rising cancer diagnosis in the world. The prognosis of this disease remains excellent despite this dramatic rise which has called into question the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of this disease. The American Thyroid Associated (ATA) currently recommends surgical treatment for all confirmed malignant thyroid nodules over 1 cm in diameter. However, some research suggests that tumors under 1 cm have a greater prevalence of lymph node metastases while other research suggests that observation is an appropriate option for tumors greater than 1 cm without other unfavorable features. In order to provide the best management for this disease, clinicians should be monitoring emerging studies on this topic while researchers need to explore the outcomes from the various treatment modalities. In the meantime, treatment for papillary thyroid cancer should be evaluated and treated on an individualized basis
