Bertetti, Domenico

Garibaldi, Angelo

Gullino, Maria Lodovica

Martini, P.

Odasso, M.

Poli, Anna

Repetto, L.

English

Institutional Research Information System University of Turin

This full text was downloaded from iris - AperTO: https://iris.unito.it/iris - AperTOUniversity of Turin’s Institutional Research Information System and Open Access Institutional RepositoryThis is the author's final version of the contribution published as:Garibaldi A.; Martini P.; Repetto L.; Odasso M.; Bertetti D.; Poli A.; GullinoM.L. First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt on Iceland Poppy(Papaver nudicaule) in Italy.. PLANT DISEASE. 96 pp: 1823-1823.When citing, please refer to the published version.Link to this full text:http://hdl.handle.net/2318/127336First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt on Iceland Poppy (Papaver nudicaule) in 1 Italy.  2 A. Garibaldi, AGROINNOVA, Università di Torino Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 3 Grugliasco, Italy; P. Martini, L. Repetto, and M. Odasso, Istituto Regionale Floricoltura, 4 Sanremo, Italy; and D. Bertetti, A. Poli, and M.L. Gullino, AGROINNOVA, Università di 5 Torino Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.  6  7 During fall 2011, symptoms of a wilt disease were observed in a commercial nursery near 8 Ventimiglia as well as in the Research Center of Floriculture of Sanremo (northern Italy) on 9 plants of Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy) belonging to a local unnamed selection. In the 10 commercial nursery, 15 to 20% of plans were affected, while about 3% of plants were affected at 11 the Research Center. Symptoms consisted of chlorosis, premature leaf drop, and foliar wilting, 12 followed by the stem wilting, bending and eventually rotting from the base. Brown discoloration 13 was observed in the stem vascular tissue. Using Komada’s Fusarium-selective agar medium (2), 14 a fungus was consistently and readily isolated from symptomatic vascular tissue of plants 15 collected from both sites. The isolates were purified and subcultured on potato dextrose agar 16 (PDA), on which medium both isolates produced pale violet, abundant, aerial mycelium, felted 17 in old cultures, with pale purple pigments in the agar medium. The isolate generated short 18 monophialides with unicellular, ovoid-elliptical microconidia measuring 3.9-6.7 × 1.4-3.0 19 (average 5.4 × 2.3) µm. On carnation leaf agar (CLA) (1), isolates produced pale orange 20 sporodochia with macroconidia that were 3-septate, slightly falcate with a foot-shaped basal cell 21 and a short apical cell, and measured 26.0-43.5 × 3.1-4.4 (average 35.3 × 3.7) µm. 22 Chlamydospores were abundant, terminal, and intercalary, rough walled, mostly singles but 1 sometime in short chains or clusters, and measured 5.2 - 10.1 µm in diameter. Such 2 characteristics are typical of Fusarium oxysporum (3). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 3 region of rDNA was amplified from the isolates using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (4), and sequenced. 4 BLASTn analysis of the 507 bp ITS sequence of one isolate from P. nudicaule collected from 5 the commercial nursery (GenBank Accession No. JX103564) showed an E-value of 0.0 and 6 100% identity with the ITS sequence of F. oxysporum (HQ649820). To confirm pathogenicity of 7 one of the Iceland poppy isolates, tests were conducted on 2-month-old plants of the same 8 cultivar on which symptoms were first observed. Plants (n = 14) were inoculated by dipping 9 roots in a 1 x 107 CFU/ml conidial suspension of the isolate of F. oxysporum prepared from 10 10 day-old cultures grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) on a shaker (90 rpm) for 10 days at 22 ± 11 1°C (12 h fluorescent light, 12 h dark). Non-inoculated control plants (n = 14) were dipped in 12 sterilized water. All the plants were transplanted into pots filled with steamed potting mix 13 (sphagnum peat:perlite:pine bark:clay at 50:20:20:10), and maintained in a glasshouse at 24 to 14 28°C. Inoculated plants showed typical symptoms of Fusarium wilt after 10 days. The stems then 15 wilted and plants died. Non-inoculated plants remained healthy. F. oxysporum was reisolated 16 from inoculated plants but not from control plants. The pathogenicity test was conducted twice 17 with the same results. Since Fusarium wilt has not previously been described on Iceland poppy at 18 any location, this is first report of F. oxysporum on P. nudicaule in Italy and anywhere in the 19 world.  20 References: (1) N. L. Fisher et al. Phytopathology 72:151, 1982. (2) H. Komada. Rev. Plant Prot. 21 Res. 8:114, 1975. (3) J. F. Leslie and B.A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, 22 Blackwell Professional, IA, USA, 388 pages, 2006. (4) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide 23 to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic  Press, San Diego, 1990. 24 

First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt on Iceland Poppy (Papaver nudicaule) in Italy.

https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/handle/2318/127336/260649/COPERTINA%20Iceland%20Poppy.pdf

First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt on Iceland Poppy (Papaver nudicaule) in Italy.

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