The main purpose of the paper is to develop marketing strategies for challengers. Previous
research has focused on marketing strategies for market leaders. However, there is only one
market leader in an industry. All others are challengers.
The best marketing strategies for challengers are summarized in the concept of the
creative destruction proposed by Joseph Shumpeter. He did not believe the market
dominance sustainable for a long time (Shumpeter, 1934 & 1950). Challengers would not
allow the market leader to gain supernormal profit for a long time