An empirical criterion to classify T Tauri stars and substellar analogs using low-resolution optical spectroscopy

Abstract

We have compiled and studied photometric and spectroscopic data published in the literature of several star forming regions and young open clusters (Orion, Taurus, IC348, Sco-Cen Complex, Chamaeleon I, TW Hya association, sigma Orionis cluster, IC2391, alpha Per cluster and the Pleiades). Our goal was to seek the definition of a simple empirical criterion to classify stars or brown dwarfs which are accreting matter from a disk on the sole basis of low-resolution optical spectroscopic data. We show that using Halpha equivalent widths and spectral types we can statistically classify very young stars and brown dwarfs as classical T Tauri stars and substellar analogs. As a boundary between accreting and non accreting objects, we use the saturation limit of chromospheric activity at Log L(Halpha)/L(bol)=-3.3 (determined in the open clusters). We discuss the uncertainties in the classification scheme due to the occurrence of flares. We have used this spectroscopic empirical criterion to classify objects found in the literature, and we compute the fraction of accreting objects in several star forming regions. The fraction of accreting objects appears to decrease from about 50% to about 5% from 1 Myr to 10 Myr for both stars and brown dwarfs.Comment: Astronomical Journal, accepte