We discuss the properties of neutron stars and their modifications due to the
occurrence of hyperons and quarks in the core of the star. More specifically,
we consider the general problem of exotic particles inside compact stars in
light of the observed two-solar mass pulsar. In addition, we investigate
neutron star cooling and a possible explanation of the recently measured
cooling curve of the neutron star in the supernova remnant Cas A.Comment: Contribution to SQM 2011 in Krak\'o