We examined whether or not acute upper respiratory tract infection is associated with Q fever (Coxiella burnetii infection). The subjects consisted of 124 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection. At initial medical consultation, the presence or absence of serum C. burnetii was examined by nested PCR method. Of the 124 patients, no patients (0 percent) were positive for C. burnetii in serum. These results suggested that the involvement of Q fever in acute upper respiratory tract infection is extremely low
