Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources. It is the principal source of drinking water in rural and many urban cities, and widely used for irrigation in most arid and semi-arid countries. However, recently it has become apparent that many human activities are negatively impacting both the quantity and quality of groundwater resources. In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under increasing threat due to contamination and depletion by excessive pumping.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience