The&nbsp; present&nbsp; investigation were undertaken to study chemical &amp; physical properties of Effluents&nbsp; discharged from&nbsp; korba&nbsp; Industrial area. Industrial waste if discharged into surface water can give rise to significant deterioration in its quality. This paper presents groundwater quality of korba industrial area in korba City. Nine different locations were selected for the study and compared. The parameters studied were pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, turbidity, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, total dissolved solids and conductivity. From overall analysis, it was observed that there was a slight fluctuation in the physico-chemical parameters among the water samples studied. Comparison of the physico-chemical parameters of the water sample with WHO and ICMR limits showed that the Surface&nbsp; water is highly contaminated and account for health hazards for human use 

Pardhi, Om Prakash

Sahu, Bed Lal

Upadhyay, Manish

English

Update Publishing (E-Journals)

Recent Research in Science and Technology 2013, 5(5): 37-39 ISSN: 2076-5061 Available Online: http://recent-science.com/     Degradation of water quality due to heavy pollution in industrial area of Korba, Chhattisgarh  Manish Upadhyay, Bed Lal Sahu and Om Prakash Pardhi  Department of Chemistry, Dr. C.V. Raman University, Kota, Bilaspur (C.G.), India.  Abstract  The  present  investigation were undertaken to study chemical & physical properties of Effluents  discharged from  korba  Industrial area. Industrial waste if discharged into surface water can give rise to significant deterioration in its quality. This paper presents groundwater quality of korba industrial area in korba City. Nine different locations were selected for the study and compared. The parameters studied were pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, turbidity, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, total dissolved solids and conductivity. From overall analysis, it was observed that there was a slight fluctuation in the physico-chemical parameters among the water samples studied. Comparison of the physico-chemical parameters of the water sample with WHO and ICMR limits showed that the Surface  water is highly contaminated and account for health hazards for human use .  Keywords: Heavy pollution, Water quality, Kobra area  INTRODUCTION       Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day.[3] Some 90% of cities suffer from some degree of water pollution and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, developed countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring (calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, etc.) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of water, and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally-occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna.      Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as plant matter (e.g. leaves and grass) as well as man-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the gills of some fish species.[10] Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts.[11] Alteration of water's physical chemistry includes acidity (change in pH), electrical conductivity, temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases in the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the degree of eutrophication, subsequent negative environmental effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur, affecting fish and other animal populations.  Study Area       Korba industrial area is part of Korba Dist. situated at 22-22’ N and 82-42’E latitude with the 304.8 meter above sea level. Underground water is the only source of water for the industrial areas of Korba the groundwater quality of Korba is continuously degrading due to industrial activities and the soils of the nearby fields are also being affected. Therefore, we have decided to analyze its effluents so that some remedies for the improvement could be possible. Fig.1 shows the study area and sampling locations.  MATERIAL AND METHOD       Effluents samples were collected from ten different locations of Korba  industrial area during the post-rainy season (Oct-Nov 2012). Borosilicate glassware, distilled water and good quality reagents were used throughout the testing. Samples were collected in sterilized screw-capped polyethylene bottles of one litre capacity and analyzed in laboratory for their physico-chemical parameters. Samples collected from study sites were properly labeled and a record was prepared (Table 1). The various physiochemical parameters were analyzed (Table 2) and health effects of chemical parameters are reported (Table 3). Total alkalinities of the water samples were determined by titrating with N/50 H2SO4 using phenolphthalein and methyl orange as indicators. The chloride ions were generally determined by titrating the water samples against a standard solution of AgNo3 using potassium chromate as an indicator. The conductivity of the water sample was measured using the conductometry method. The total hardness of the water samples was determined by complexometric titration with EDTA using Erichrome balck-T as an indicator. Sulphate and fluoride of the water samples were estimated by UV-visible spectrophotometer. TDS of water sample were measured using gravimetric method. Upadhyay et al.,  38Table 1. Sampling points  Sampling place Sampling point number NTPC 1 CSEB  (E) 2 CSEB (W) 3 BALCO  ALUMINA 4 BALCO FABRICATION 5 BALCO ANODE PASTE 6 River Hasdeo up steam 7 RiverHasdeo Barrage 8 River Hasdeo Down  steam 9  Table 2. Methods used for estimation of various physicochemical Parameters  Parameters Method Temperature  Thermometer pH  pH metry Total  Alkalinity Conductometry Total Hardness EDTA Titration Turbidity Turbidity Meter Chloride  Silver nitrate Method             Sulphate  Turbidometric Method Fluoride Ion  spectrophotometer Total Dissolved Solids Conductivity Meter Conductivity  Conductometry  Table 3. Health effects of chemical parameters  Parameters of water analysis BIS Guideline values (Max. allowable) Potential health effects pH 6.5-8.5 Affects mucous membrane; bitter taste; corrosion Total Alkalinity  600mg/l Boiled rice turns yellowish Total Hardness   600mg/ Poor lathering with soap; deterioration of the quality of clothes; scale forming Chloride  1000mg/l Taste affected; corrosion Sulphate  400mg/l Taste affected; gastro-intestinal irritation Fluoride  1.5mg/l Dental and skeletal fluorosis; non-skeletal manifestations Total Dissolved Solids  200mg/l Undesirable taste; gastro-intestinal irritation; corrosion or incrustation  Physico-chemical parameters of sampled waters  Parameters Sampling point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Temperature (0C)          pH  8.10 8.97 8.55 8.47 7.98 8.0 7.90 7.75 8.0 Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 96 92 100 115 120 95 70 86 65 Total Hardness (mg/l) 100 90 98 94 86 96 84 82 80 Nitrate (mg/l) 1.21 1.0 0.92 1.34 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.92 0.90 Chloride (mg/l) 112 98 124 95 68 88 15 11 12 Sulphate (mg/l) 60 65 45 70 50 60 45 40 60 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.95 1.0 1.11 1.12 1.15 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.90 Total Solids  (mg/l) 570 598 578 550 570 528 475 455 466 BOD 12 16 14 8 10 5 2.8 2.0 3.10  RESULT AND DISCUSSION       The sample collected from Korba   industrial area was analyzed. The analysis (Table 3) of ground water samples includes the determination of concentration of inorganic constituents. The physico- chemical parameters, which were analyzed in post monsoon season Oct- Nov 2012, have been shown in Table 4. The desirable pH range necessary for drinking water is from 7.0 to 8.5. The pH value of water sample in the study area ranged from 7.75 to 8.97. On an average, pH of all samples was in desirable limit as prescribed for drinking water standard. This shows that pH of water sample was slightly alkaline.      Total alkalinity of water in terms of CaCO3 varied from 65-120mg/l. The values of total alkalinity were comparatively moderate. The water for domestic use having alkalinity less than 100mg/l is safe. The high content of alkalinity is shown in the Table 4. Total hardness was found in the sample water ranges from 80-100mg/l, which shows that water is safe for drinking purpose. Hardness has no known adverse effects on health. However, maximum permissible level prescribed by WHO for drinking water is 500 mg/l Recent Research in Science and Technology 2013, 5(5): 37-39  39as set. According to some classifications, water having hardness up to 75mg/l is classified as soft, 76-150 mg/l is moderately soft, 151-300 mg/l as hard ( Dufor & Becker,1964) and more than 300 mg/l as very hard. On this basis, the results show that all the samples were soft except sample 01 (Ravisankar & Poogothai 2008). Chloride content of the water samples was low in rainy season. According to WHO, maximum permissible limit for chloride is 500mg/l. The value observed in present study is in the range of permissible limit (Ravisankar & Poogothai, 2008) (Fig.3). The sulphate content varies between 40 to 70 mg/l and the fluoride content varies between 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l. The sulphate and fluoride values were also found to be within the prescribed limits. Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid in molecular, ionized or micro granular suspended form. The permissible limit of TDS of drinking water is 500 mg/l (WHO, 2004). The observation shows that the TDS is within the permissible range as prescribed by WHO (2004).  CONCLUSION       The results of water investigation show that the waters of the study area are highly contaminated with total  solids. As a result of high concentration of TS, water loses its potability and reduces the solubility of oxygen in water. Water of almost all study points is hardened contaminated because of this, people of Korba area are prone for the immediate health problems such as stomach diseases, gastric troubles etc.       REFERENCES  [1] APHA ,1995. Standard methods for examination of  water and waste water 19th edn .American  Public  health  association , Washington , DC. [2] BIT, 1995. Drinking water specification (First revision), I. S. 10500  [3] Tiwari R K and Goel P.K. ,1986. ”chemical and Biological method for water pollution studies “, Environmental Publication ,Karad India. [4] Aruna  Sharma  & T I Khan Organo –chlorine pesticides  in irrigation  water Jaipur city  (India) Central Public Health and  Environmental Engineering organization .Manual on water supply  and Treatment , Ministry  of works and housing New-Delhi. [5] Sorg. I J, 1998. Treatment technology to meet the primary drinking water regulation for inorganics (part-1) (q). J Amwat works astt 70(2) 105-112. [6] Singh, V. and Chandel, C.P.S., 2004. The potability of groundwater in terms of Water Quality Index (WQ1) of Jaipur city. Cheml. Environ. Res., 13(3&4):307-314 [7] ICMR-Indian council of medical research 1975, New Dealhi manual of quality of drinking water supply special report series no -44. [8] Manual on water and waste analysis NEERI Publication, 1988 [9] Journal of environmental science and engineering (175-178), 2008.      

Degradation of water quality due to heavy pollution in industrial area of Korba, Chhattisgarh

https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/rrst/article/download/1059/1043

Degradation of water quality due to heavy pollution in industrial area of Korba, Chhattisgarh

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Update Publishing (E-Journals)