Aikawa, T.

Ichihara, Y.

Maehara, N.

Mizuta, N.

Nakamura, K.

English

JKI Open Journal Systems (Julius Kühn-Institut)

  IUFRO / REPHRAME International Conference on Pine Wilt Disease 2013  Berichte aus dem Julius Kühn-Institut 169. 2013 105 Nakamura et al., Inhabitation of the Pinewood Nematode and Its Vectors in the Tsunami-damaged Pinus thunbergii and P. densiflora trees. In: Schröder, T. (ed.), Pine Wilt Disease Conference 2013, pp. 105, Braunschweig, ISSN: 1866-590X (120) Inhabitation of the Pinewood Nematode and Its Vectors in the Tsunami-damaged Pinus thunbergii and P. densiflora trees Nakamura KTohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nabeyashiki 92-25, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan , Aikawa T, Ichihara Y, Maehara N, Mizuta N  Email: knakam@ffpri.affrc.go.jp  The tsunami (tidal wave) following the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, devastated vast areas of seacoast forest, mainly composed of the Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii), and red pine (P. densiflora). Needle chlorosis occurred not only in severely damaged trees but also in those without conspicuous external damage. We investigated presence/absence of Monochamus alternatus and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in the pine trees with discolored foliage in the tsunami-damaged seacoast forests, to evaluate the potential of the trees as the source of infection of pine wilt disease (PWD).  B. xylophilus was rarely detected in the wood samples collected from the dead trees in November 2011, except for the trees that was considered to have been latent infected and died after the tsunami. P. thunbergii trees grown along the shoreline were severely damaged by the tsunami and most of them died promptly. In the stands behind the frontline forests, small P. thunbergii trees suppressed by the canopy trees and then flooded with sea water from tsunami tended to die shortly after the disaster. Those trees were hardly attacked by M. alternatus. In contrast, most of P. densiflora trees became declined after the tsunami and kept stressed condition through the summer. Such trees were, resultingly, infested by M. alternatus, when there were PWD damaged trees from which adult sawyers emerge in the vicinity.  Emerging adults of M. alternatus from the infested trees in the following year often carried B. xylophilus, though we could not detect it in those trees in the November survey. Since the P. densiflora trees seemed to be debilitated by sea water flooding, not because of B. xylophilus infection, it is unlikely that the trees harbored the nematode before M. alternatus adults' oviposition.  The nematode was possibly transmitted to the tsunami-damaged trees when M. alternatus adults laid their eggs onto them. Consequently, tsunami-induced damage in seacoast pine forest may facilitate the spread of PWD epidemic when the forest is composed of P. densiflora and PWD damaged trees have already been there.  

Inhabitation on the pinewood nematode and its vectors in the tsunami-damaged Pinus thunbergii and P. densiflora trees

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Inhabitation on the pinewood nematode and its vectors in the tsunami-damaged Pinus thunbergii and P. densiflora trees

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