He, Puchao

Wan, Yizhen

Wang, Yuejin

English

JKI Open Journal Systems (Julius Kühn-Institut)

Vitis 46 (3), 156–157 (2007)Research NoteInheritance of downy mildew resistance in two interspecific crosses between Chinese wild grapes and European grapesYIZHEN WAN, PUCHAO HE and YUEJIN WANGKey Laboratory of Northwest Horticulture Plant Germplasm and Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, North-west A&F University, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, ChinaK e y   w o r d s : Grapevine, Chinese grapes, wild germ-plasm, disease resistance.Introduction: Grape downy mildew [Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni] is an economi-cally important fungal disease (BROWN 1999). Because Vitis vinifera is particularly susceptible to downy mil-dew, breeders make efforts to use resistant germplasm to increase the resistance of cultivars (BROWN 1999). Com-monly, American Vitis species served as the resistant parent in breeding program (ALLEWELDT and POSSINGHAM 1980). Another potential source of disease resistance genes re-sides in Chinese wild species (ALLEWELDT and POSSINGHAM 1988, HE 1994, REISCH and PRATT 1996). Mechanisms of resistance to downy mildew are not completely understood (REISCH and PRATT 1996). Some reported its resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene (EIBACH 2000). Oth-ers figured out that the resistance was maternally inherited (BECKER and ZIMMERMANN 1978, DOAZAN and KIM 1978). And yet others found the resistance to downy mildew was controlled by two genic systems, one of which involves several genes (REISCH and PRATT 1996).This study was conducted to determine inheritance of downy mildew resistance in two interspecific crosses be-tween European grapes and Chinese wild species.Material and Methods: Crosses of '88-110' ['83-4-96' (V. qinquangularis) × 'Muskat rozovyi' (V. vinifera)] and '86-2' ['Maiskii chernyi' (V. vinifera) × 'Guangxi-2' (V. pseu-doreticulata)] were performed by Prof. P. HE of NWAFU at Yangling, Shaanxi, China, and in 1988 and 1986, re-spectively. In 2001-2003, downy mildew resistance in the parents, the 48 hybrid progenies of '88-110' and the 79 of '86-2' were evaluated in a natural setting under conditions most conducive to downy mildew infection and growth. The symptoms observed were scored from 0 to 7 based on the estimated percentage of lesion over the entire leaf, then the grade were converted into a susceptibility index (SI). The resistance level of each accession was rated in five categories based on its SI value (HE 1994). To analyze the inheritance features, the ratio of resistant to susceptible plants in F1 progenies was tested according to χ2-test dis-tribution. Susceptibility Index of all progenies from each cross, categorized into five groups, was used to analyze their distribution features.Results and Discussion: The numbers of resistant F1 plants were 22 and 26 for the '88-110' and '86-2' crosses respectively, and the numbers of susceptible plants were 26 and 43 respectively. The ratio of the resistant plants to the susceptible plants in both crosses was determined in accordance with χ20.01 test of 1:1 segregation (χ288-110=0.188; χ286-2=3.17; χ20.01=3.84). In both crosses, the parents '83-4-96' and 'Guangxi-2' were resistant to downy mildew, while the parents 'Muskat rozovyi' and 'Maiskii chernyi' expressed susceptibility. Susceptibility Index of the F1 progenies in both crosses demonstrated quantitative genetic traits with a successive distribution (Figure). The SI values of the ma-jority of the progeny of '88-110' and '86-2' were distrib-uted between the two parents as such (13+16+4=33 and 23+15+18=56), respectively (Table). Also, a small number of progenies had higher SI value than that of the high (sus-ceptible) parent, and a few had lower SI values than that of the low (resistant) parent (Table). Therefore, we infer that downy mildew resistance in both '83-4-96' and 'Guangxi-2' may be controlled by a major gene in combination with minor genes. This was of similar resistance to V. rotun-difolia, which was controlled by a major gene and a few Correspondence to: Dr. WANG YUEJIN, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China. Fax: +86-29-8708-2803. E-mail: wangyuejin@263.net and wangyj@public.xa.sn.cn010203040506070F1 individuals88-110SIvalues0102030405060F1 individuals86-2SIvaluesSIvaluesSIvaluesSIvaluesSIvaluesFigure: Distribution of average SI value of F1 progenies in '88-110' and '86-2' (data collected in 2001-2003). 2 YIZHEN WAN et al.157complementary genes (PATIL et al. 1997). Regarding both crosses, the progenies with the SI value closest to that of Chinese wild grapes were greater than the progenies with the SI values closest to that of European grapes (Table). This indicates that these two Chinese wild grapes may have stronger inheritance than European Grapes for downy mildew resistance.We are grateful to Dr. J. B. VAUGHN, at Hobart and William Smith College, Geneva, NY, USA, for comments on this paper. This work was supported by National Natural Science Founda-tion of China (No.39970524 and 30571280) and China Scholar-ship Council Project (22861057).ALLEWELDT, G.; POSSINGHAM, J. V.; 1988: Progress in grapevine breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75, 669-673.BECKER, N. J.; ZIMMERMANN, H.; 1978: Breeding of yield varieties resistant to downy mildew. In: Grapevine Genetics and Breeding. II. Symp. T a b l e Distribution features of SI value of F1 progenies in '88-110' and '86-2'CrossNumbers of progeniesSI<P1P1≤SI<[P1+(P2-P1)/3] [P1+(P2-P1)/3≤SI<[P2-(P2-P1)/3][P2-(P2-P1)/3]≤SI<P2SI≥P288-110 11 13 16 4 486-2 6 23 15 18 7Note: P1 is the parent with low SI value; P2 is the parent with high SI value.Int. sur l'Amelioration de la Vigne, Bordeaux, France, June 1977, 209-214. INRA, Paris.BROWN, M. V.; MOORE, J. N.; MCNEW, R. W.; FENN, P.; 1999: Inheritance of downy mildew resistance in table grapes. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 124, 262-267.DOAZAN, J. P.; 1980: The selection of grapevine genotypes resistant to fungus diseases and their use under field conditions. Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Grape Breeding, 324-331. Dept. Viticult. Enol., California, Davis.EIBACH, R.; 2000: Investigations on the inheritance of resistance features to mildew diseases. Acta Hortic. 528, 455-465.HE, P. C.; 1994: Viticulture. China Agriculture Press, Beijing, China. (In Chinese).PATIL, S. G.; HONRAO, B. K.; RAO, V. G.; PATIL, V. P.; 1989: Evaluation of grape germplasm for downy mildew resistance and its significance in breeding. Ind. J. Hortic. 46, 476-479.REISCH, B. I.; PRATT, C.; 1996: Grapes. In: J. JANICK, J. N. MOORE (Eds.): Fruit Breeding. Vine and Small Fruit Crops, Vol. 2, 197-369. Wiley, New York.Received January 2, 2007

Inheritance of downy mildew resistance in two interspecific crosses between Chinese wild grapes and European grapes

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Inheritance of downy mildew resistance in two interspecific crosses between Chinese wild grapes and European grapes

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