Effectiveness of supine Versus sitting up position on reduction of pain perception during intramuscular immunization among infants at selected hospitals, Marthandam

Abstract

A study to assess the effectiveness of supine versus sitting up position on reduction of pain perception during intramuscular immunization among infants at selected hospitals, Marthandam was conducted by R.Florine Dayana in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in nursing at Sri.K.R.N.College of nursing, under the Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R.Medical University. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the post test level of pain perception during intramuscular immunization among infants of group I with supine position. 2. To assess the post test level of pain perception during intramuscular immunization among infants of group II with sitting up position. 3. To compare the level of pain perception between group I and group II infants. 4. To associate the level of pain perception among infants of group I with their demographic variables. 5. To associate the level of pain perception among infants of group II with their demographic variables. The following hypotheses were set for the study: H1 There was a significant difference on the level of pain perception during intramuscular immunization between group I and group II. H2 There was a significant association between the post test level of pain perception of group I with their demographic variables during intramuscular immunization. H3 There was a significant association between the post test level of pain perception of group II with their demographic variables during intramuscular immunization. Quantitative research approach was adapted for this study. Research design used in this study was Two group design comes under Multiple group experimental design. The study was conducted in two hospitals like William hospital and Annammal hospital at Marthandam. The study population composed of infants receiving DPT immunization from one month to four months. The data collection tool used for this study was Modified FLACC Scale. The content validity of the tool was established by five nursing experts and one medical expert. Pilot study was conducted to find out the feasibility of the study and plan for analysis. Data collection was done and the data obtained were analyzed in terms of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The significant findings of the study were: 1. Majority of infants 18 (60%) were between the age group of one to two months in group I. 2. Majority of infants 15 (50%) were between the age group of 3.1 to 4 months in group II. 3. Majority of infants 17 (56.66%) were females in group I. 4. Majority of infants 18(60%) were males in group II. 5. Majority of infants 15(50%) had worst pain in group I. 6. Majority of infants 21(70%) had moderate pain in group II. 7. The calculated ‘t’ value was 10.95,which shows that there was significance difference between group I and group II during intramuscular immunization at P<0.05 level. Based on the findings of the present study the following recommendations are made: 1. Similar study can be replicated on a large sample. 2. A study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual distraction compared with a blank TV screen in the reduction of pain associated with intramuscular immunization. 3. A comparative study can be conducted by the efficacy, effect of dose, and safety of sucrose for relieving procedural pain as assessed by physiologic and behavioural indicators. 4. A study can be conducted to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of various pharmacologic and combined interventions for reducing the pain experienced by children during immunization. 5. A comparative study can be conducted by using expressed breast milk and other non-pharmacological intervention in reduction of pain in neonates. 6. A study can be conducted to assess the effectiveness of play therapy on reduction of pain perception during intramuscular immunization. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that there was a significant difference on level of pain perception among infants placed in sitting up position than the infants placed in supine position during intramuscular immunization. Sitting up position seems to be accompanied by a sense of control and feeling of less pain. Thus the study concluded that sitting up position was effective in reducing the level of pain perception during intramuscular immunization