Problems in village head elections are the occurrence of money politics, and even cause horizontal conflicts. Consequently, it does not produce village heads with capabilities and aspirations. Money politics by most politicians is considered an effective mode of influencing villagers in their political choices. Therefore, each candidate village head used the money to mobilize villagers in village head elections. The money politics mode is carried out with various activities that are labeled as food aid donations, contributing social facilities to the citizens. The practice of money politics, is very vulnerable to cause conflict between citizens who have different political choice affiliations, so it is very influential on the continuity of democratic village head elections. Keywords: Money politics, Horizontal conflict, Village Head Electio

., Harianto

Baru, Bambang Martin

Setyowati, Nur Dewi

Sulistiono, Bambang

English

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Developing Country Studies                                                                                                                                                              www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.7, No.7, 2017  57 Money Politics and Horizontal Conflict in the Vehicle CH  Harianto School of Faculty of social and Political Science, Merdeka Madiun University Jl.Serayu 79 Madiun-Indonesia  Bambang Sulistiono School of Faculty of social and Political Science, Merdeka Madiun University Jl.Serayu 79 Madiun-Indonesia  Bambang Martin Baru School of Faculty of social and Political Science, Merdeka Madiun University Jl.Serayu 79 Madiun-Indonesia  Nur Dewi Setyowati School of Faculty of social and Political Science, Merdeka Madiun University Jl.Serayu 79 Madiun-Indonesia  Abstract Problems in village head elections are the occurrence of money politics, and even cause horizontal conflicts. Consequently, it does not produce village heads with capabilities and aspirations. Money politics by most politicians is considered an effective mode of influencing villagers in their political choices. Therefore, each candidate village head used the money to mobilize villagers in village head elections. The money politics mode is carried out with various activities that are labeled as food aid donations, contributing social facilities to the citizens. The practice of money politics, is very vulnerable to cause conflict between citizens who have different political choice affiliations, so it is very influential on the continuity of democratic village head elections. Keywords: Money politics, Horizontal conflict, Village Head Election  1. PRELIMINARY The reform era has not been able to provide solutions to improvements in democratic political life. One of them is the development of mass mobilization behavior, and is always colored by political violence in reaching its interests. The election of the village head as one of the parameters of democratic application in the village, which has a strategic meaning is the succession of power in the village administration constitutionally. On the one hand, through democratic elections will result in village leaders in accordance with the wishes and aspirations of the villagers, and on the other hand, as the opportunity of the villagers to exercise their right to vote for the village leaders. The involvement of the villagers is the responsibility of the villagers to maintain the survival of the state and society, as Sumarno (1990) puts it, "in principle, participation is a reflection of the political behavior of every individual as a citizen who feels responsible for the survival of his nation ". (1) In the village head elections are often colored by money politics, because money politics by some people is regarded as an effective medium for influencing citizens using their voting right. According to Indra Ismawan (1999), states that "money politics is defined as an attempt to influence the behavior of people by using certain rewards. There is also a definition of money politics as an act of buying and selling votes on a political process and power. Such action may occur within a wide range, from village election to elections in a country. The politics of money in question has an understanding of the act of dividing up money for as party or private property to buy votes ".(2) The political phenomenon of money will damage the joints of village democracy life, through the sale and purchase of votes will be easy for prospective village chiefs to influence citizens in determining political choices. The mode of money politics is often followed by ways of spreading rumors or dirty political issues, engaging in immoral political intrigues. Political mechanisms are so easy to invite and nourish political turmoil, and even trigger horizontal conflicts, with instinct of instigate, mutual suspicion, mutual distrust, mutual hostility, thereby falling into the dirty game of competing clicks for their respective interests . Political turmoil is also a fertile place for opportunists who lack integrity or personality, and for that will use all sorts of ways including things that deny the values that live in their own society. It all has a strong tendency to accelerate the process of community depravity that leads to the birth of a tense and distressing atmosphere. According to Supardi Suparlan, in Amin Rais (1996), "the emotional ties and fanaticism of some groups of citizens have been exploited by the village elite cadres to seek support from the community. Elite cadres of village heads with propaganda directed at discrediting other candidates of village heads have been able to influence and instill group or group sentiments.(3) Such a form of competition can lead to an atmosphere of Developing Country Studies                                                                                                                                                              www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.7, No.7, 2017  58 conflict-ridden, hostile societies between support groups of candidates for village heads. This situation is a phenomenon of democracy life at the lowest level (gross-roots level). The development of money politics in village head elections is considered a natural thing, and even the villagers' inclination to take advantage of the village chief's moment of election to earn some money by mortgaging his election to the village head candidate. This suggests that villagers indirectly legitimize money politics in village chief elections, so that opportunists can be used easily to gain voice support through the spread of money. The process of election of the village chief, of course violates the principles of democracy and consequently produces an unpresentative village head.  2. RESEARCH METHODS The research object is money politics factor and horisantol conflict factor in village head election. While the subject of research concerning election committee, candidate of village head, and villager having voting rights, represented by 3 (three) districts in Magetan Regency, each sub-district represented by 2 (two) villages. While the sample / respondent determination was done in "Purposive Sampling", with the number of key informants as many as 10 people for each village, consisting of; 2 village head election committees, 2 candidates for village heads, and 6 villagers with voting rights. Qualitative descriptive analysis method by describing condition and situation from various data collected through interview and observation. Data analysis techniques use interactive models. According to Matthew B. Miles and Michael Huberman in Moleong (2000), explains that: in the process of analyzing the main components that need to be considered after data collection are: a. Data reduction, ie the process of selecting, simplifying, abstracting and transforming rough data from written notes in the field until a complete final report is compiled. b. The presentation of data, which is a collection of information arranged in order to give the possibility can draw conclusions. In the presentation of this data is done after doing data reduction which will be used as material of report. c. Drawing conclusions or verification, which is the essence of the presentation of data that is the result of analysis conducted in the study.(4) These three components are a unified whole and interrelated, the analysis model used in this study is "Interaction Analysis", meaning that this analysis is done in the form of interaction on the three components.  3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  1.1.1 Heading 3 3.1. Village Head Election. The election of the village head is expected to take place in a democratic manner so as to produce village leaders who have capabilities, and aspirations. However, in practice, village head elections are still violating the values of democracy, the use of villagers' right to vote still felt the intimidation of certain parties. According to most villagers that the atmosphere in the village head elections is very tense and there is a sense of apprehension in exercising his election right. Intimidation is often done to villagers by elite cadres of village head candidates who are considered unidirectional and in line with their political choice, so that villagers have no room to discuss, talk with other villagers to obtain complete information from each candidate village head . Freedom in following the political campaign organized by each candidate village head is also felt there is psychological pressure from the villagers, because his presence in political campaigns is considered to provide support to candidates for certain village heads. This suspicion left villagers with no courage to follow the political campaign of the village head candidate, fearing the pressure and negative provocation of elite cadres of other village candidates. This situation also complicates the atmosphere ahead of village head elections. Psychological conditions of the villagers, less taken seriously by the organizers of the election of the village head and even impressed the existence of the omission of it took place. The organizers of the election themselves do not have the courage to crack down on political behavior that deviates from the village elite cadres, consequently the elite cadres are very liberal in various ways and actions to influence villagers in their political choices.  3. 2. Money politics in village head elections. In every election the village head is always colored by money politics, since money politics is considered to be an effective mode in the effort to influence and mobilize the masses to provide support to prospective leaders. The mode of distribution of money through several activities, such as during the campaign of the candidates to mobilize the masses in order to enliven the atmosphere of the campaign, with the aim to be able to influence directly and indirectly to other voters (vooters) others, and also made at voting voting in the election So as to convince the voters to vote for their future leaders. The occurrence of money politics due to several factors that background, among others, competition, economy, low supervision, low political knowledge, ketidapakinan Developing Country Studies                                                                                                                                                              www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.7, No.7, 2017  59 political system, and cultural influences. The potential to obtain position / position, raises the higher the occurrence of competition between candidates in fighting influence to the voter period. Competition factors encourage candidates by performing various means to obtain public vote support, and one of them by means of distributing money to the voter period. The results show that village chief candidates are not reluctant to distribute some money to villagers as part of a political contract in granting their voting rights in village head elections. The mode that is considered effective to distribute the money is done through the dawn attack, which is at the time of voting in the election of the village head. The objective of money politics is directed at villagers with low levels of political knowledge and low levels of trust in political systems deemed less able to produce better social changes. The results also show; Most of the villagers are still low in political knowledge, because most of the average junior high school graduates (SMP), so the potential is utilized by village chief candidates to mobilize citizenship rights through the distribution of some money. Economic factors are also the trigger of money politics, in the condition of villagers who are still below the poverty line is very easy for the village chief candidates to influence citizens in using the right to vote. The tendency of most of the villagers is an opportunity to exchange their voting rights with some money from the village chief's candidates, and often villagers receive a sum of money from each of the village head candidates but the right to vote will be given to candidates who divide up more money . As a result there is competition of the amount of money given to the citizens of each candidate head of the village. The occurrence of money politics is also caused by the weakness of supervision conducted by the organizers of the election of the village head, the findings of the research show; Each candidate in making money politics is often overrun with social assistance, and / or infaq. With the findings in the above research, the politics of money in the election of the village head is very potential money politics, resulting in leadership of the village head that is not aspirative that is in accordance with the will of most villagers.  3. 3. Horizontal Conflict in village head election. Conflict and village head elections can not be separated, because in every village head election there is a competition of interests between candidates or candidates. In political reality, it is not uncommon for each candidate to use methods that violate social values / norms and democratic values such as using money to mobilize villagers, and even using ways to discriminate other candidates, thus triggering social conflict. The results of the study show that the conflict of interest in the election of the village head is due to the ways in which the influence of the villagers takes place in ways that violate social values and norms, such as rumors that discredit certain candidates, and even tend to be destructive . Establishment and confidence also as a factor of social conflict, in the village head election each villager has a belief that his choice will bring changes in people's lives. This belief creates differences of opinion, purpose, and desire, so that the potential for social conflict. From the results of research the establishment and confidence of the villagers influence the choice of the villagers against the village chief candidates, so it tends to try to influence other citizens in determining the right to vote. Conflict in the election of the head of the village, tend to be dissociative, because it negatively impacts the results of competition between groups of citizens who give each other support to each candidate village head.  4. Money politics and horizontal conflict in village head elections. Money politics that color in the election of village heads can potentially create horizontal conflicts, ie conflict between villagers who have affiliations differ from one to another. The impact of money politics and horizontal conflicts affects the quality of democracy in the conduct of village head elections. The tendency of the villagers in determining their political choice is not based on the quality of the village chief candidate but because of the money politics factor. The freedom and independence of the villagers became imprisoned to exercise their suffrage rationally and proportionally, due to the pressure, intimidation of a group of successful teams to influence the choice of the villagers. The villagers' involvement in attending the campaigns of each candidate were suspicious of each other, consequently villagers did not understand the mission, vision and work program proposed by each village head candidate. This condition makes the villagers in determining their choice is not based on the consideration of the work program of each candidate but because of the money politic factor done by each candidate. Another important factor in ensuring the quality of democracy in the election of the village head is the independence of the organizing committee, the results of which indicate that the tendency of the organizing committee is not independent of one of the candidates for the village head. With the covert collusion between the committee and one of the village head's candidates promising some money, it is expected to influence the electoral committee to win in the village head elections. Even considered strategic to win the election of village heads in cooperation with the election committee, because the election committee can use certain ways of manipulating the vote through the gaps in the stage of village head election process. Thus the factors of money politics and horizontal conflict are indications that affect the quality of democracy in the implementation of Developing Country Studies                                                                                                                                                              www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.7, No.7, 2017  60 village head elections, for more details can be followed the following table. Table. 1 Political factor of money and horizontal conflict in village head election. Potential of Money Politics  Increasing Horizontal Conflict The low quality of democracy in the Village Head Election The existence of intense competition between candidates Fierce competition encourages horizontal conflicts Competition is tough will justify any means despite the violation of the value of democracy The existence of economic orientation of the villagers (the donation of goods / money to the masses and classes , the use of state facilities) Inflation competition / money aid trigger the emergence of competition that leads to the conflict Money politics and or infagging into low-quality village democracy  Low political knowledge of villagers Low knowledge, making residents easily provoked potential conflict  Provocation by spreading negative issues, becoming low democratic quality Low confidence in the political system of villagers on the implications better change Group sentiment, can trigger horizontal conflict Utilization of primordialism issues, making democratic quality low Low supervision from the selection committee Low oversight becomes an opportunity to fight for influence, which in the end may occur horizontal conflict Low supervision, encourage the occurrence of irregularities  The existence of a reasonable tradition / culture in every village head election The value of reasonableness becomes the legitimacy of denying the value of democracy Justification for violating the value of democracy   4. CONCLUSION. 4.1 Money politics in the village head election is still taking place, and is even regarded as an effective mode of winning in village head elections.  4.2 Horizontal conflicts between villagers are very potential, due to the denial of democratic values in village head elections, such as money politics, negative use of rumors, and the growing intimidation of villagers.  4.3 The election of the village head has not proceeded democratically, because it denies the values of democracy, such as the practice of money politics, the spread of negative rumors while campaigning, and intimidation ahead of the vote.  5. SUGGESTION. 5.1 Need to strengthen village democracy through increased knowledge and political beliefs of villagers, so that villagers are able to determine rational choice in village head election.  5.2 Require commitment and integrity of the village head election organizing committee, to uphold democracy in every stage of village head election.  References (1)Sumarno AP, 1990, Public Opinion in Political System, Publisher Citra Arditya Bhakti, Bandung. (2)Indra Ismawan (1999), http://triyantomekel.wordpress.com/2014/01/10/implikasi-politik-uang-terhadap-persis-pemilih/ (3)Amin Rais, 1986, Democracy and Politics, Publisher of LP3ES, Jakarta. (4)Lexy Moleong, 2000, Qualitative Research Methodology, Publisher PT. Youth Rosdakarya, Bandung.  

Money Politics and Horizontal Conflict in the Vehicle CH

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Money Politics and Horizontal Conflict in the Vehicle CH

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