Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Technology Commercialization in Developing Countries: A GCC Perspective in an International Context

Abstract

Purpose - Innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology commercialization (IET) are critical elements in diversification of economy worldwide. Researchers and practitioners alike are claiming positive effects of IET on the economic development. However, the successful  implementation in developing countries such as a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) needs further investigation for successful implementation for growth and development. The purpose of the study is, therefore, to  identify the similarities and differences based on the three   categories of IET such as economy, policy and industry with a focus on the GCC states, as well as developing countries. Methodology/approach - This paper based on a wide literature review, and a multi-case study. The authors’ professional experience on the topic provides the foundation for this paper. Findings - The findings of this research can help practitioners such as governments and policy maker to implements successfully and extend the climate of smart growth. Practical implications - The results highlight implications successfully from different levels such as economic, social, political, organizational  and  institutional. Originality/value - This study makes a contribution to knowledge about the effect of (IET) in developing countries, as well as GCC states. Keywords: Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Technology Commercialization,  Gulf Cooperation Council States (GCC)