In 3 oat crosses seed weight appeared to be inherited as a quantitative character. Each of the crosses showed transgressive segregation. In 6 crosses, the correlations between yield and seed weight were all positive, but only 4 were significant. In simulated selection experiments, the efficiency of selection for yield was compared when only yield or when yield plus seed weight were used as the selection criterion. In general, the addition of seed weight as a selection criterion decreased the gain in yield

Frey, K. J.

English

University of Northern Iowa

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of ScienceVolume 69 | Annual Issue Article 271962Inheritance of Seed Weight and its Relation toGrain Yield of OatsK. J. FreyIowa State UniversityCopyright © Copyright 1962 by the Iowa Academy of Science, Inc.Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/piasThis Research is brought to you for free and open access by UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academyof Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact scholarworks@uni.edu.Recommended CitationFrey, K. J. (1962) "Inheritance of Seed Weight and its Relation to Grain Yield of Oats," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science: Vol.69: No. 1 , Article 27.Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol69/iss1/271962] YIELD COMPONENTS IN OATS 165 3. Frey, K. J. 1962. Effectiveness of visual selection in oat crosses. Crop Sci. In Press. 4. Frey, K. J., Browning, J. A., Simons, M. D., and Sadanaga, K. 1960. Iowa contribution. 1960 Oat Newsletter. 11 :46-48. 5. McKenzie, R. I. H. and Lambert, J. W. 1961. A comparison of F 3 lines and their related F. lines in two barley cros5es. Crop Sci. 1 :246-249. 6. Ross, W. M. and Miller, J. D. Hl55. A comparison of hill and conven-tional yield test using oats and spring barley. Agron. Jour. 47 :253-255. Inheritance of Seed Weight and its Relation to Grain Yield of Oats1 K. J. FREY2 Abstract. In 3 oat crosses seed weight appeared to be in-herited as a quantitative character. Each of the crosses show-ed transgressive segregation. In 6 crosses, the correlations between yield and seed weight were all positive, but only 4 were significant. In simulated selection experiments, the efficiency of selection for yield was compared when only yield or when yield plus seed weight were used as the selection criterion. In general, the addition of seed weight as a selection criterion decreased the gain in yield. INTRODUCTION Much research conducted by cereal breeders is directed to-ward developing greater efficiency in selection for seed yield. Since the heritability of yield is low, especially in early genera-tions after hybridization, a common approach to improving se-lection efficiency is to search for attributes correlated with yield and also highly heritable. Seed weight may be such an attribute. It is a component of yield ( 1) and shows a relatively low geno-type x environment interaction ( 4). A partial summary of correlations between seed weight and grain yield in wheat and oats reported in the literature is given in Table 1. In general, the correlations for wheat appear to be somewhat larger than those for oats. The authors conclude that seed weight is of less value in explaining the variability of yield than is any other yield component. In each of these studies, ex-cept the one by Immer and Stevenson ( 5) the variability was measured either among variety means or single plants within varieties. Where variety means were used, the correlations would be related to the sample of varieties, and, where plants within 1 Journal Paper No. J-4307 of the Iowa Agricultural and Horne Economics Experi-ment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 1176. In cooperation with the Crops Research Division. Agricultural Research Service, U. S Department of Agriculture. •Professor of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 1Frey: Inheritance of Seed Weight and its Relation to Grain Yield of OatPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1962166 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE [Vol. 69 Table 1. Reported correlations between seed weight and grain yield of wheat and oats Crop and correlation Wheat: +.69 +.24 to +.65 +.38 Oats: +.04 to +.22 +.11 +.58 to .+89+ Significance '"' all "" '"' n.s. n.s. all"" Reference Waldron (9) Quisenberry ( 8) Bridgford and Bonnett ( 2) Love and Leighty ( 6) Fore and Woodworth ( .3) Immer and Stevenson ( 5) + Correlations between "plumpness" and yield. varieties were used, they would represent environmental ex-pressions. A more logical source material would be randomly chosen strains from a hybrid population. From a study of 12 oat crosses, !\forphy ( 7) concluded that groat weight was in.herited as a quantitative character. The fre-quency distributions of F2 segregates were normal. This study reports on the inheritance and the relation be-tween seed weight and yield in oats. The data were collected from a series of expeiiments conducted from 1956-1959 at the Agronomy Farm at Ames, Iowa. METHODS A.J."-'D MATERIALS The materials for this study were F 2 derived lines from 8 oat crosses, C220 ( Minland x Cherokee), C221 ( Mo. 0-205 x Chero-kee), C234 (Uton x Mo. 0-205), C247 (Andrew x Simcoe), C257 (Andrew x Cherokee), C311 (Andrew x P.I. 174544), C368 (Bonham x Garry), and C370 ( Clintland x Garry). The number of lines used from each cross was variable. The experimental design used for testing the oat lines was a randomized block, with 2 replications in 1956 and 1957 and with 4 and 8 replications in 1958 and 1959, respectively. Each plot was a single 8-foot row, with a 1-foot spacing between rows in. the first 2 years and a hill occupying 1 square foot in the last 2 years. Grain yields were taken on all plots each year. The seed weights were taken from a 100-seed sample from each of 2 repli-cations in 1956, 1957, and 1958. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The frequency distributions for 100-seed weights of the F 2 derived lines from the crosses C221, C220, and C257 and their re-spective parents are presented in Table 2. Only in C221 did the parent varieties differ by much in 100-seed weight. In each cross, 2Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 69 [1962], No. 1, Art. 27https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol69/iss1/27Table 2. Frequency distributions of 100-seed weights for 4 oat varieties and F, derived lines from 3 crosses among them Class intervals ( gms.) Mean 100-2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 seed weights Parent - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - No for parent or or cross 2.09 2.19 2.29 2.39 2.49 2.59 2.69 2.79 2.89 2.99 3.09 3.19 3.29 3.39 3.49 3.59 lines cross ( gms.) Mo. 0-205 1 1 2 1 5 2.31 C221 2 4 21 28 39 35 30 15 7 2 2 185 2.50 Cherokee 2 2 1 5 2.63 Minland 1 2 2 5 2.77 C220 1 3 10 8 25 23 21 48 37 26 12 5 7 1 1 228 2.72 Cherokee 3 2 5 2.77 Andrew 2 2 1 5 2.79 C257 1 5 15 45 51 49 33 8 7 1 215 2.68 Cherokee 1 2 2 5 2.66 ...... "' Ol ~ CfJ M M t:I ~ M -0 ::i::: ...., -z ::i::: M ::c -..., > z (") M ...... ~ 3Frey: Inheritance of Seed Weight and its Relation to Grain Yield of OatPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1962168 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE [Vol 69 there appears to be transgressive segregation. This was most pronounced in C220 where the two parents were equal in seed weight. The segregation in C257 was not as great as in C220. The difference in range of segregates from C220 to C257 indi-cates (a) that Andrew and Cherokee have similar gene systems for seed-weight expression whereas 1-linland and Cherokee do not or (b) that the number of genes hy which Andrew and Cherokee differ for expression of this character is larger than the number by which i\1inland and Cherokee differ. The distribution of F 2 segregates from C221 shows a few segregates transgressing each parent. All 3 distributions were symmetrical, indicating that 100-seed weight was quantitative in inheritance. The relation between 100-seed weight and grain yield in oats was studied in 2 ways: (a) through correlations and regressions between the 2 characters (Table 3) and ( b) simulated-selection experiments (table 4). The regressions and correltions were significant for 4 of the crosses and nonsignificant for 2 (Table 3). However, all correlations were positive. Table 3. Regressions and correlations of oat-grain yields on 100-seed weights Degrees of Range of Cross freedom Regression+ Correlation weights per 100 seeds C257 20 11.900 (gms.) +.5400 2.30-3.10 C221 18 7.8 +.40 2.27-2.72 C220 22 7.900 +.58""' 2.10-2.95 C311 20 15.:?.00 +.74""' 2.66-3.21 C368 29 9.40 +.400 2.54-3.10 C370 25 4.8 +.29 2.54-3.13 +gms. of yield per plot for each 1.0 gm. per 100 seeds. In the simulated-selection experiments, a comparison was made between actual yield gains from selection when either yield alone or yield plus seed weight was used as the selection cri-terion. The hypothetical selected samples were taken in 1956 and 1958, and the corresponding actual gains were determined in 1957 and 1959, respectively. For each cross the actual gain realized when only yield was used as the selection criterion was equated to 100%, and the actual gain from yield plus seed weight was calculated as a percentage of the yield-only category. The comparative efficiency of selection for grain yield ranged from an uninterpretable one as in C257 to C370, where the gain was increased 24% by addinJ?; seed weight as a selection criterion. In all other crosses, the efficiency of selection with 2 attributes was less than when only yield was used. Both the correlations and simulated-selection experiments corroborate earlier pub-4Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 69 [1962], No. 1, Art. 27https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol69/iss1/271962] SEED WEIGHT INHERITANCE 169 Table 4. Efficiencv of selection for grain yield in oat crosses when yield and yield + seed weight are used as the selection criteria Years and Selection Actual Efficiency of cross criteria gain selection 1956 and 1957: C247 Yield 3.3 100 Yield + seed weight 0.5 15 C234 Yield 16.0 100 Yield + seed weight 9.7 61 1958 and 1959: C221 Yield 6.2 100 Yield + seed weight 5.8 94 C368 Yield 9.3 100 Yield + seed weight -0.1 C370 Yield 5.0 100 Yield + seed weight 6.2 124 C257 Yield -3.3 Yield + seed weight 11.1 C221 Yield 7.5 100 Yield + seed weight 2.6 35 lished reports. Even though seed weight is a component of grain yield and is more or less positively correlated with it, the de-gree of covariation between these 2 characters is small. Seed weight would be of little value in selecting for improved yield. The low degree of covariation between grain yield and seed weight shows that an oat vaiiety could be derived with any combination of these 2 attributes. Uteratnre Cited 1. Bonnett, 0. T. and Woodworth, C. M. 1931. A yield analysis of three varieties of barley. Jour. Amer. Soc. 1\gron. 23:311-27. 2. Bridgford, R. 0. and Hayes, H. K. 1931. Correlation of factors affecting yield in hard red spring wheat. Jour. Amer. Soc. Agron. 23:106-117. 3. Fore, R. E. and Woodworth, C. M. 1933. Analysis of yield in certain oat varieties. Jour. Amer. Soc. Agrou. 2.5:190-202. 4. Frey, K. J. 1959. Yield components in oats. III. Their contribution to variety x location interaction for grain yield. Agron. Jour. 51:744-746. 5. lmmer, F. R. and Stevenson, F. J. 1928. A hiometrical study of factors affecting yield in oats. Jour. Amer. Soc. Agron. 20: 1108-1119. 6. Love, H. H. and Leighty, C. A. 1914. Variation and correlation of oats (Avena Sativa). Part I. Studies showing the effect of seasonal changes in biometrical constants. Cornell University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Memoir No. 3. 7. Murphy, C. F. 1961. Heritability estiniates and radiation effects on the seed size components of oats. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Iowa State Uni-versity Library, Ames, Iowa. 8. Quisenberry, K. S. 1928. Some plant characters determining yields in field of winter and spring wheat in 1926. Jour. Amer; Agron. 20:492-499. 9. Waldron, L. R. 1929. A partial analysis of yield of certain common and durum wheats. Jour. of Amer. Agron. 21 :295-309. 5Frey: Inheritance of Seed Weight and its Relation to Grain Yield of OatPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1962

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