Cow\u2019s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most frequent food allergies in childhood
with an estimated prevalence of 2% in infants. As observed in the natural course of
this disease, CMA has a good prognosis and more than half of the children reach
the tolerance before school age. Otherwise, many different factors can modulate the
natural history of CMA. Clinical and laboratory data suggest that many endotypes
and phenotypes can be individuated with different evolutions towards tolerance. For
these reasons physicians need to identify these different patterns to better choose the
therapeutic pathway for each patient. Another aspect is represented by the developing
strategies of primary prevention of CMA, such as dietary interventions both in
the mother (during pregnancy and/ or lactation), and, in absence of breast milk, also
in high risk infants, through the use of extensive or partial hydrolyzed milk formula.
Nevertheless many studies have been carried out, up today the available data are still
conflicting and more robust results should be reported. The aim of this review articleis
to give practical advices in the diagnosis, management and prevention of CMA
in childhood, according to the most recent guidelines and consensus documents
