Blackshaw, R.E.

Gan, Y.

Grant, C.A.

Harker, K.N.

Huang, J.

Johnson, E.N.

Khakbazan, M.

Lafond, G.P.

Lupwayi, N.Z.

May, W.E.

O'Donovan, J.T.

Smith, E.

Turkington, T.K.

English

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

Contribution of Legume Preceding Crops to Improve Economic and Non-renewable Energy Use Efficiency of Canola ProductionM. Khakbazan, C. A. Grant, J. Huang, E. Smith, J. T. O’Donovan, R. E. Blackshaw, K. N. Harker, G. P. Lafond, E. N. Johnson, Y. Gan, W. E. May, T. K. Turkington, N. Z. LupwayiSoils&CropsMarch 15-16, 2016 Saskatoon• Background– Contribution of legume preceding crops • Objective• Materials and Methods• Results• ConclusionsOutlineResearch backgroundThe rising cost of nitrogen (N) has created interest in alternative sources of N fertilizer. Legumes have the ability to fix N supply for subsequent crops, but knowledge of the effects of legumes on subsequent canola is limited.Rotation groupCrop rotation1 Tillage1 Fertilizer and pesticide application1Energy output/ input ratio1 C-W-B-B2 CT F 6.60C-B-FP-W2 CT F 7.242 Ws-Fx-C3 ZT R 6.66Ww-FP-C3 ZT R 7.973 Ws-Ws-Fx-Ww4 MT R 5.13Ws-Fx-Ww-FP4 MT R 6.16Effects of crop rotation on energy use efficiency in the Canadian prairiesCrop Preceding cropTillage1 Fertilizer and pesticide application1Farm system (type)1Yield per unit of energykg GJ-1Spring wheat2Cereal MT R CONV 299Spring wheat2Field pea MT R CONV 370Effects of preceding crop on energy use efficiency in the Canadian prairiesObjectives- to evaluate contribution of legume preceding crop to improve economic and non-renewable energy use efficiency of canola productionResearch time:- 2009 through 2011Research sites:- Beaverlodge, Lacombe and Lethbridge located in Alberta- Indian Head, Scott and Swift Current in Saskatchewan, and - Brandon in ManitobaMATERIALS AND METHODSPreceding crops (P) grown in 2009:- pea (CDC Golden) grown for seed - lentil (CDC Imperial) grown for seed - faba bean (Snowbird) grown for seed- faba bean (Snowbird) grown as a green manure- canola (45H73) grown for seed- wheat (CDC Imagine) grown for seedMATERIALS AND METHODS• Revenue/Cost analysis– Budgeting techniques to measure economic performance of management practices in regard to costs of production, gross revenue, and net revenue – Net revenue calculation by subtracting all production and input expenses from gross revenue. Methodology: Revenue/Cost AnalysisEnergy Efficiency Assessment• Process analysis (Fluck and Baird, 1980) was used to assess the energy performance of various management systems. • The assessment involves identifying all direct and indirect non-renewable energy going into manufacturing, formulation, packaging, transportation, maintenance and application of all purchased inputs used in each production system, as well as the energy content of all products removed from the fields for each management system. • Statistical analysis– Statistical analysis was conducted using PROC Mixed of SAS (Littell et al., 1996).– The analysis was done by site and by preceding crop types.– Treatment effects were considered significant at P<0.05, with values of P<0.1 reported as a possible trend.Methodology:RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONAverage annual net revenue as affected by preceding crop over seven sites in western Canada from 2009 to 2011.Y Means followed by the same capital letter in a column are not significant (p>0.05). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONC P-C-BPreceding crop Mean($ ha-1)YMean($ ha-1)YCanola 240C 188BFaba bean as GM 586A 76CFaba bean 373B 256AField pea 425B 284ALentil 442BC 292ABWheat 348B 169BANOVAExperimental site <0.0001 <0.0001Preceding crop <0.0001 <0.0001Experimental site ×preceding crop<0.0001 <0.0001P (across N rates)C† P-C-B†Output energy/input energy ratioYield harvested per GJ of energy inputOutput energy/input energy ratioCanola 6.21c 228c 6.34cdFaba bean as GRM 8.61a 316a 5.30eFaba bean 7.06b 259b 6.65cField pea 7.07b 260b 7.27bLentil 7.06b 260b 7.79aWheat 6.78bc 249bc 6.17dEnergy efficiency assessment of canola and cropping systems as affected by preceding crop over seven sites in Western Canada from 2009 to 2011CONCLUSIONS1. When the preceding crop was faba bean GM, the average annual canola net revenue and canola energy use efficiency was the highest in comparison with other preceding crops grown for seed over seven sites. However, this positive contribution was not enough to compensate for the loss of income or energy output during the GM production year. 2. Annual canola net revenue or canola energy efficiency was usually higher when the preceding crop was fababean or peas or lentils grown for seed compared to wheat or canola grown for seed at all sites. CONCLUSIONS3. Over the three-year crop rotation, Faba bean, pea, and lentil grown for seed as preceding crops performed generally better than wheat and canola as preceding crops. Growing faba bean as a GM was not efficient due to loss of crop revenue and energy output in the fababean GM year. Khakbazan, M., Cynthia A. Grant, Jianzhong Huang, Elwin G. Smith, John T. O’Donovan, Robert. E. Blackshaw, K. Neil Harker, Guy P. Lafond, Eric N. Johnson, Yantai Gan, William E. May, T. Kelly Turkington, and Newton Z. Lupwayi. 2014.  Economic Effects of Preceding Crops and Nitrogen Application on Canola and Subsequent Barley. Agronomy J. 106: 2055-2066. Khakbazan, M., Cynthia A. Grant, Jianzhong Huang, Nathan J. Berry, Elwin G. Smith, John T. O’Donovan, Robert. E. Blackshaw, K. Neil Harker, Guy P. Lafond, Eric N. Johnson, Yantai Gan, William E. May, T. Kelly Turkington, and Newton Z. Lupwayi. 2016. Preceding crops and nitrogen effects on crop energy use efficiency in canola and barley. Agronomy J. x: xxxx-xxxx. John T. O’Donovan, Cynthia A. Grant, Robert E. Blackshaw, K. Neil Harker, Eric. N. Johnson, Yantai Gan, Guy P. Lafond, William E. May, T. Kelly Turkington, Newton Z. Lupwayi, F. Craig Stevenson, Debra L. McLaren, Mohammad Khakbazan, and Elwin G. Smith. 2014. Rotational Effects of Legumes and Non-Legumes on Hybrid Canola and Malting Barley. Agronomy J. 106: 1921-1932. Mervin St. Luce, Cynthia A. Grant, Bernie J. Zebarth, Noura Ziadi , John T. O’Donovan, Robert E. Blackshaw, K. Neil Harker, Eric N. Johnson, Yantai Gan, Guy P. Lafond, William E. May, Mohammad Khakbazan, Elwin G. Smith. 2015. Legumes can reduce economic optimum nitrogen rates and increase yields in a wheat–canola cropping sequence in western Canada. Field Crops Research. 179: 12-25.Cynthia A. Grant, John T. O’Donovan, Robert E. Blackshaw, K. Neil Harker, Eric. N. Johnson, Yantai Gan, Guy P. Lafond, William E. May, T. Kelly Turkington, Newton Z. Lupwayi, Debra L. McLaren, Bernie Zebarth, Mohammad Khakbazan, and Mervin St. Luce. 2016. Persistence of Residual Effects of Preceding Crops and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat and Canola In Varying Environments on the Canadian Prairies Field Crops Research. Field Crops Research. x: xxxx-xxxx. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors acknowledge the funding for this study provided by the Canola Science Cluster and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Sages project. Technical assistance provided by Jennifer Zuidhof, Mike Svistovski, Nathan Berry, Dustin Dilay, Ray Smith, David Bancur, Gary Winkleman, Duaine Messer, Dean James, Larry Michielsen, Patty Reid, Elizabeth Sroka, Ravindra Ramnarine, Greg Semach, Irene Murray, Randall Brandt, Lorne Nielsen, Arlen Kapiniak and Derek Hunt is greatly appreciated.   

Contribution of legume preceding crops to improve economic and non-renewable energy use efficiency of canola production

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Contribution of legume preceding crops to improve economic and non-renewable energy use efficiency of canola production

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